Understanding Yahuah's Invisible Forces
A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another without transferring matter.
| Type | Motion | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Transverse | Perpendicular to wave direction | Light, water surface, guitar string |
| Longitudinal | Parallel to wave direction | Sound, slinky compression |
1. What do waves transfer?
2. Is sound a transverse or longitudinal wave?
v = f × λ
Speed = Frequency × Wavelength
Units: m/s = Hz × m
A wave has frequency 500 Hz and wavelength 0.68 m. What is its speed?
(This is the speed of sound in air!)
| Behavior | Description |
|---|---|
| Reflection | Wave bounces off surface |
| Refraction | Wave bends when changing medium |
| Diffraction | Wave bends around obstacles |
| Interference | Waves combine (constructive/destructive) |
1. A wave has f = 200 Hz and λ = 1.5 m. Find v.
v = m/s
2. Light travels at 3×10⁸ m/s. If λ = 600 nm (6×10⁻⁷ m), find f.
f = Hz
| Property | Depends On | Perception |
|---|---|---|
| Pitch | Frequency | High/Low |
| Loudness | Amplitude | Loud/Soft |
| Quality/Timbre | Wave shape | Different instruments |
Change in frequency due to relative motion between source and observer.
Example: Ambulance siren sounds higher when approaching, lower when passing.
1. Why can't sound travel in space?
2. What determines the pitch of a sound?
| Type | Wavelength | Use |
|---|---|---|
| Radio waves | Longest | Broadcasting, communication |
| Microwaves | ↓ | Cooking, radar |
| Infrared | ↓ | Heat, remote controls |
| Visible light | 400-700 nm | Seeing! (ROYGBIV) |
| Ultraviolet | ↓ | Sterilization, tanning |
| X-rays | ↓ | Medical imaging |
| Gamma rays | Shortest | Cancer treatment |
All EM waves travel at the speed of light!
1. What is the speed of light? m/s
2. Which EM waves have the longest wavelength?
Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
θᵢ = θᵣ (measured from the normal)
n₁ sin θ₁ = n₂ sin θ₂
n = index of refraction (speed of light in vacuum / speed in material)
| Material | n |
|---|---|
| Vacuum | 1.00 |
| Air | 1.0003 |
| Water | 1.33 |
| Glass | 1.5 |
| Diamond | 2.42 |
1. If light hits a mirror at 30° from the normal, at what angle does it reflect?
°
F = k(q₁q₂)/r²
k = 9 × 10⁹ N·m²/C²
q₁, q₂ = charges; r = distance between them
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
| Friction | Rubbing transfers electrons |
| Conduction | Direct contact transfers charge |
| Induction | Charge separation without contact |
1. What happens when two positive charges are brought near each other?
2. What is the unit of electric charge?
I = Q/t
Current (Amperes) = Charge (Coulombs) / Time (seconds)
| Component | Function |
|---|---|
| Power source | Provides voltage (battery, outlet) |
| Conductor | Allows current to flow (wire) |
| Load/Resistor | Uses electrical energy (bulb, motor) |
| Switch | Opens/closes circuit |
Voltage (V) is the "push" that moves electrons through a circuit.
Measured in Volts (V)
Like water pressure in a pipe - higher voltage = more push!
1. If 10 coulombs of charge pass a point in 2 seconds, what is the current?
I = A
V = I × R
Voltage (V) = Current (A) × Resistance (Ω)
Resistance (R) opposes current flow, measured in Ohms (Ω).
Factors affecting resistance:
A 12V battery powers a circuit with 4Ω resistance. What is the current?
P = IV = I²R = V²/R
Power (Watts) = Voltage × Current
1. A circuit has V = 9V and R = 3Ω. Find I.
I = A
2. A device uses 2A of current at 120V. What is the power?
P = W
Three resistors (2Ω, 3Ω, 5Ω) in series with 20V battery.
1. Two resistors (6Ω and 12Ω) are in series. Find total resistance.
R_total = Ω
2. In a parallel circuit, voltage across each branch is (same/different)?
| Type | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Ferromagnetic | Strongly attracted | Iron, nickel, cobalt |
| Paramagnetic | Weakly attracted | Aluminum, platinum |
| Diamagnetic | Weakly repelled | Copper, water |
Earth acts like a giant magnet with a magnetic field that:
1. What happens when you bring two north poles together?
A coil of wire with current flowing through it creates a magnetic field.
| Device | Principle |
|---|---|
| Electric motor | Current in magnetic field → rotation |
| Generator | Rotation in magnetic field → current |
| Transformer | Changes voltage using magnetic coupling |
| Speaker | Electromagnet moves cone |
1. What creates a magnetic field around a wire?
2. How does a generator work?
| Phenomenon | Design Evidence |
|---|---|
| Physical Constants | Precisely tuned for life (fine-tuning) |
| Mathematical Order | Laws are elegant, consistent, universal |
| EM Spectrum | Our eyes tuned to sun's peak output |
| Earth's Magnetism | Shields life from harmful radiation |
| Wave Properties | Enable communication, vision, hearing |
Physical constants are precisely balanced for life:
Conclusion: Laws require a Lawgiver. Physics points to Yahuah!
1. How does the study of physics strengthen your faith in Yahuah as Creator?
Unit 1: 1) Energy; 2) Longitudinal
Unit 2: 1) 300 m/s; 2) 5×10¹⁴ Hz
Unit 3: 1) No medium/vacuum; 2) Frequency
Unit 4: 1) 3×10⁸ m/s; 2) Radio waves
Unit 5: 1) 30°
Unit 6: 1) Repel; 2) Coulomb
Unit 7: 1) 5 A
Unit 8: 1) 3 A; 2) 240 W
Unit 9: 1) 18 Ω; 2) Same
Unit 10: 1) Repel
Unit 11: 1) Electric current; 2) Rotation in magnetic field creates current