☀️ SUN, MOON & STARS ☀️

True Science Series - Biblical Cosmology

The Lights in the Firmament: Signs, Seasons, and Warnings

"And let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth" — Genesis 1:15

How to Use This Workbook

This workbook uses the 6 Rs Learning Method for deep understanding:

  1. RECEIVE - Read the teaching content and Scripture references
  2. REFLECT - Complete fill-in-blanks, true/false, and discussion questions
  3. RECALL - Close the book and write everything you remember
  4. RECITE - Teach the lesson to someone else
  5. REVIEW - Use spaced repetition (Day 1, 3, 7, 21, 60)
  6. RESPOND - Apply what you learned practically

"The heavens declare the glory of Elohim; and the firmament showeth his handywork." — Psalm 19:1

Lesson 1: Creation of the Lights — Day 4

The sun, moon, and stars were created on the fourth day—AFTER the earth, and AFTER light already existed.

Scripture Study: Genesis 1:14-19

"And Elohim said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years: And let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth: and it was so."

Fill in the blanks:

1. The lights are placed __________ the firmament.

2. They are for: signs, __________, days, and __________.

3. The greater light (sun) rules the __________.

4. The lesser light (moon) rules the __________.

5. The sun was created on Day __________.

6. But light already existed on Day __________.

Critical Observation: The Hebrew word is "בְּ" (b), meaning IN, inside, within—not beyond or outside. If the sun, moon, and stars are IN the firmament, can they be millions of miles away?

RECALL Exercise

Close this workbook. Write what was created on Day 4, where it was placed, and why.

TEACH-BACK Challenge

Explain to someone why the sun is NOT the source of all light (Day 1 vs Day 4).

Person: Date:

Scripture Memory: Genesis 1:16

"And Elohim made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also."

APPLICATION Step

Lesson 2: The Purpose of the Lights

The sun, moon, and stars have specific purposes assigned by Yahuah.

Purpose 1: Signs (Hebrew: owth, Strong's #226)

Luke 21:25 - "And there shall be signs in the sun, and in the moon, and in the stars; and upon the earth distress of nations."

The lights signal prophetic events, warnings, and Yahuah's appointed times.

Purpose 2: Seasons (Hebrew: mowed, Strong's #4150)

Important: "Seasons" (mowed) means APPOINTED TIMES—Yahuah's feast days, NOT spring/summer/fall/winter!
Psalm 104:19 - "He appointed the moon for seasons: the sun knoweth his going down."

Fill in the blanks:

1. The Hebrew word for "signs" is __________ (Strong's #226).

2. The Hebrew word "mowed" means __________ times.

3. The __________ marks the seasons (appointed times).

4. The lights also define __________ and __________.

RECALL Exercise

Close this workbook. List the 4 purposes of the lights from Genesis 1:14.

TEACH-BACK Challenge

Explain to someone that "seasons" in Genesis 1:14 means Yahuah's feast days, not weather seasons.

Person: Date:

Scripture Memory: Psalm 104:19

"He appointed the moon for seasons: the sun knoweth his going down."

APPLICATION Step

Lesson 3: The Sun's Circuit

Scripture describes the sun as having a circuit—a set path it travels across the sky.

Psalm 19:4-6 - "In them hath he set a tabernacle for the sun, Which is as a bridegroom coming out of his chamber, and rejoiceth as a strong man to run a race. His going forth is from the end of the heaven, and his circuit unto the ends of it: and there is nothing hid from the heat thereof."
Hebrew Word Study: "Circuit" = tequphah (Strong's #8622) = a revolution, course, circuit, coming around
Joshua 10:12-13 - "Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon; and thou, Moon, in the valley of Ajalon. And the sun stood still."

Critical Point: Joshua commanded the SUN to stand still—not the earth. This proves the sun moves, not the earth.

Fill in the blanks:

1. Yahuah set a __________ for the sun.

2. The sun runs a __________ (circuit).

3. Joshua commanded the __________ to stand still.

4. If the earth rotates, Joshua would have commanded the __________ to stop.

RECALL Exercise

Close this workbook. Describe the sun's movement according to Psalm 19 and Joshua 10.

TEACH-BACK Challenge

Explain to someone why Joshua 10 proves the sun moves, not the earth.

Person: Date:

Scripture Memory: Psalm 19:6

"His going forth is from the end of the heaven, and his circuit unto the ends of it."

APPLICATION Step

Lesson 4: The Moon — A Light, Not a Reflector

Modern science teaches the moon reflects the sun's light. Scripture says the moon IS a light.

Genesis 1:16 - "And Elohim made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night."
Hebrew Word Study: "Light" = ma'owr (Strong's #3974) = light, luminary, source of light, lamp, brightness. The moon is a light SOURCE, not a reflector.
Isaiah 30:26 - "Moreover the light of the moon shall be as the light of the sun, and the light of the sun shall be sevenfold."

Observable Evidence: The moon's light is COLD, not warm like the sun. Moonlight is measurably cooler than moon-shadow—proving the moon generates its own cold light!

Fill in the blanks:

1. Elohim made two great __________.

2. The Hebrew word "ma'owr" means __________ source.

3. In Isaiah 30:26, the moon has its own __________.

4. The moon's light is __________ (cold/warm).

RECALL Exercise

Close this workbook. Write why the moon is a light source, not a reflector.

TEACH-BACK Challenge

Explain to someone the Hebrew definition of "ma'owr" and the cold moonlight evidence.

Person: Date:

Scripture Memory: Psalm 136:7-9

"To him that made great lights... The sun to rule by day... The moon and stars to rule by night."

APPLICATION Step

Lesson 5: The Stars — Small Lights in the Firmament

Modern science claims stars are massive suns trillions of miles away. Scripture says otherwise.

Genesis 1:16-17 - "He made the stars also. And Elohim set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth."

Notice: The stars are mentioned almost as an afterthought—"he made the stars also." If stars were billions of massive suns, wouldn't they deserve more attention?

Revelation 6:13 - "And the stars of heaven fell unto the earth, even as a fig tree casteth her untimely figs."
Critical Question: If stars are massive suns millions of times larger than earth, how could they "fall to the earth"? Even one would obliterate earth. But if stars are small lights in the firmament, they CAN fall when the firmament is shaken.

Fill in the blanks:

1. The stars are set __________ the firmament.

2. The stars will __________ unto the earth.

3. They fall like __________ from a fig tree.

4. In Judges 5:20, stars have __________ (set paths).

RECALL Exercise

Close this workbook. Explain why stars must be small lights, not distant suns.

TEACH-BACK Challenge

Explain to someone how Revelation 6:13 disproves the idea of massive distant stars.

Person: Date:

Scripture Memory: Revelation 6:13

"And the stars of heaven fell unto the earth, even as a fig tree casteth her untimely figs."

APPLICATION Step

Lesson 6: The Host of Heaven — Warnings Against Worship

Scripture repeatedly warns against worshiping the sun, moon, and stars.

Deuteronomy 4:19 - "And lest thou lift up thine eyes unto heaven, and when thou seest the sun, and the moon, and the stars, even all the host of heaven, shouldest be driven to worship them."
Deuteronomy 17:2-5 - "If there be found among you... man or woman... that hath gone and served other gods, and worshipped them, either the sun, or moon, or any of the host of heaven... Then shalt thou... stone them with stones, till they die."
Warning for Today: Astrology, horoscopes, and "star signs" are modern forms of worshiping the host of heaven. Yahuah forbids this!

Fill in the blanks:

1. Do not __________ the sun, moon, and stars.

2. They are called the __________ of heaven.

3. Worshiping the host of heaven was punishable by __________.

4. Modern astrology is a form of __________ worship.

RECALL Exercise

Close this workbook. List the warnings against worshiping the host of heaven.

TEACH-BACK Challenge

Explain to someone why astrology and horoscopes are forbidden.

Person: Date:

Scripture Memory: Deuteronomy 4:19

"Lest thou... be driven to worship them, and serve them, which Yahuah thy Elohim hath divided unto all nations."

APPLICATION Step

Lesson 7: The Lights Declare Yahuah's Glory

While we must not worship the lights, we SHOULD observe them and recognize Yahuah's handiwork.

Psalm 19:1 - "The heavens declare the glory of Elohim; and the firmament showeth his handywork."
Psalm 147:4 - "He telleth the number of the stars; he calleth them all by their names."
Job 38:31-33 - "Canst thou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades, or loose the bands of Orion? Canst thou bring forth Mazzaroth in his season? Knowest thou the ordinances of heaven?"

Fill in the blanks:

1. The heavens __________ the glory of Elohim.

2. The firmament __________ His handiwork.

3. Yahuah knows the __________ of the stars.

4. He calls them all by __________.

RECALL Exercise

Close this workbook. List the constellations mentioned in Job 38.

TEACH-BACK Challenge

Explain to someone how the heavens declare Yahuah's glory.

Person: Date:

Scripture Memory: Psalm 19:1

"The heavens declare the glory of Elohim; and the firmament showeth his handywork."

APPLICATION Step

Lesson 8: Observable Evidence

What we observe confirms Scripture's description of the sun, moon, and stars.

Key Observations:

RECALL Exercise

Close this workbook. List 5 observable evidences that confirm biblical cosmology.

TEACH-BACK Challenge

Explain the cold moonlight experiment to someone.

Person: Date:

Scripture Memory: Job 38:33

"Knowest thou the ordinances of heaven? canst thou set the dominion thereof in the earth?"

APPLICATION Step

Lesson 9: Challenging Modern Astronomy

Modern Astronomy vs Scripture

Modern Astronomy SaysScripture Says
Sun is 93 million miles awaySun is IN the firmament (Genesis 1:17)
Moon reflects sunlightMoon is a light source (Genesis 1:16)
Stars are distant sunsStars will fall to earth (Revelation 6:13)
Earth orbits the sunSun has a circuit (Psalm 19:6)
You cannot believe both. Either Scripture is correct, or modern astronomy is correct. There is no middle ground.

RECALL Exercise

Close this workbook. List the contradictions between Scripture and modern astronomy.

TEACH-BACK Challenge

Explain to someone why you trust Scripture over modern astronomy.

Person: Date:

Scripture Memory: Genesis 1:17

"And Elohim set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth."

APPLICATION Step

Lesson 10: Prophetic Signs in the Lights

Scripture prophesies that the sun, moon, and stars will be signs of the end times.

Joel 2:31 - "The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and terrible day of Yahuah come."
Matthew 24:29 - "Immediately after the tribulation... the sun be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven."
Revelation 6:12-14 - "The sun became black as sackcloth... the moon became as blood... the stars of heaven fell unto the earth... the heaven departed as a scroll."

Fill in the blanks:

1. The sun shall be turned into __________.

2. The moon shall become as __________.

3. The stars shall __________ from heaven.

4. The heaven departed as a __________.

RECALL Exercise

Close this workbook. Describe what happens to the sun, moon, stars, and firmament at the end.

TEACH-BACK Challenge

Explain to someone the end-times signs in the heavens.

Person: Date:

Scripture Memory: Joel 2:31

"The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and terrible day of Yahuah come."

APPLICATION Step

Spaced Review Tracker

Review each lesson at these intervals for maximum retention:

LessonDoneD1D3D7D21D60
1. Creation of Lights
2. Purpose of Lights
3. Sun's Circuit
4. Moon as Light
5. Stars in Firmament
6. Warnings Against Worship
7. Lights Declare Glory
8. Observable Evidence
9. Challenging Astronomy
10. Prophetic Signs

Answer Key

Lesson 1: IN, seasons/years, day, night, 4, 1

Lesson 2: owth, appointed, moon, days/years

Lesson 3: tabernacle, race/circuit, sun, earth

Lesson 4: lights, light, light, cold

Lesson 5: in, fall, figs, courses

Lesson 6: worship, host, death, host/astrology

Lesson 7: declare, showeth, number, names

Lesson 10: darkness, blood, fall, scroll