FLOOD GEOLOGY & CATASTROPHISM

Evidence for the Global Flood of Noah

TRUTH CARRIERS EDUCATION SYSTEM
True Science Series - Adult/Teen Level

2 Peter 3:5-6
"For this they willingly are ignorant of, that by the word of Elohim the heavens were of old, and the earth standing out of the water and in the water: Whereby the world that then was, being overflowed with water, perished."

INTRODUCTION

Modern geology is built on uniformitarianism—the assumption that "the present is the key to the past" and that geological processes have always occurred at the same slow rates we observe today.

But what if the evidence actually points to catastrophism—rapid, large-scale geological events?

This workbook examines:

Examine the evidence. Think critically. Let the rocks speak.

HOW TO USE THIS WORKBOOK

The Truth Carriers Learning Method - 6 Rs

This workbook uses the 6 Rs Learning Method for deep understanding and long-term retention:

1. RECEIVE
Read the geological evidence. Study the scientific data.
2. REFLECT
Complete fill-in-blanks, multiple choice, and discussion questions.
3. RECALL
Close the book and write key evidences from memory.
4. RECITE
Teach these scientific facts to someone else.
5. REVIEW
Use the spaced review tracker. Review at Day 1, 3, 7, 21, 60.
6. RESPOND
Apply this knowledge in conversations about origins.

LESSON 1: UNIFORMITARIANISM VS. CATASTROPHISM

Uniformitarianism Defined

The principle that " is the key to the past."

Originated with James Hutton (1790s) and popularized by Charles in his 1830s work Principles of Geology.

THE ASSUMPTION

Geological processes have always occurred at the same slow, gradual rates we observe today—over millions and billions of years.

Catastrophism Defined

The principle that Earth's features were largely shaped by sudden, -scale catastrophic events.

The Historical Shift

Before Lyell, most geologists accepted catastrophism and the biblical flood. Lyell deliberately sought to "free the science from "—his words.

Charles Lyell (letter to George Scrope, 1830):
"I am trying to free the science from speculators... I trust I shall make my sketch of the progress of geology popular."

Modern Shift: Neo-Catastrophism

Mainstream geology now acknowledges that sudden events DID shape Earth's history—asteroid impacts, mega-floods, volcanic catastrophes.

Derek Ager (geologist, The New Catastrophism, 1993):
"The history of any one part of the earth, like the life of a soldier, consists of long periods of and short periods of terror."

Multiple Choice

1. Uniformitarianism assumes:

○ A) Catastrophic events shaped Earth
○ B) Present processes explain the past at slow rates
○ C) The flood is scientific
○ D) Rapid changes occurred

2. Charles Lyell's stated goal was to:

○ A) Prove the Bible
○ B) Free geology from Moses
○ C) Study catastrophes
○ D) Support creation science

3. Neo-catastrophism acknowledges:

○ A) Only slow processes
○ B) Sudden catastrophic events in Earth history
○ C) No major floods
○ D) Millions of years only

True or False

1. Uniformitarianism has always been the dominant view in geology.
○ True ○ False - Correction:

2. Modern mainstream geology still rejects all catastrophism.
○ True ○ False - Correction:

RECALL EXERCISE

Close this workbook. Write from memory:

TEACH-BACK CHALLENGE

Explain the difference between uniformitarianism and catastrophism to someone.

Person taught: Date:

SCRIPTURE MEMORY: 2 Peter 3:5-6

"...the world that then was, being overflowed with water, perished."

LESSON 2: THE GRAND CANYON - EVIDENCE OF CATASTROPHE

The Standard Story

According to uniformitarianism, the Colorado River slowly carved the Grand Canyon over of years.

The Problems

Problem #1: Flat Layer Contacts

If millions of years passed between rock layers, we would expect significant between them. Instead, the layers lie flat against each other with minimal erosion.

Problem #2: Bent Rock Layers

Rock layers in the Grand Canyon are bent and folded without . This indicates they were still soft and pliable when bent—not hardened over millions of years.

Problem #3: Marine Fossils Throughout

The Canyon contains marine fossils at multiple levels, indicating the area was covered by repeatedly.

Problem #4: The Missing Colorado River Delta

If the river carved the Canyon over millions of years, where is all the sediment? The that should exist isn't there.

ALTERNATIVE: RAPID FORMATION

The layers could have been deposited rapidly during a global flood, then carved quickly as floodwaters receded—similar to how canyons formed after Mount St. Helens.

Multiple Choice

1. Flat contacts between rock layers suggest:

○ A) Millions of years between layers
○ B) Rapid sequential deposition
○ C) Slow erosion
○ D) Nothing significant

2. Bent rock layers without fracturing indicate:

○ A) The rock was hard when bent
○ B) The rock was soft when bent
○ C) Millions of years passed
○ D) No bending occurred

RECALL

Write four problems with the slow-formation story of the Grand Canyon.

APPLICATION

LESSON 3: MOUNT ST. HELENS - A MODERN LABORATORY

The 1980 Eruption

Mount St. Helens provided a real-time laboratory for observing rapid geological processes.

Canyon Formation

In just (hours to days), the eruption carved canyons up to 600 feet deep through solid rock—processes that uniformitarians said required millions of years.

Rapid Layer Deposition

Pyroclastic flows deposited feet of finely laminated layers in just hours. These layers look identical to "ancient" rock formations said to have taken millions of years.

Spirit Lake Log Mats

Floating log mats in Spirit Lake eventually waterlogged and sank, creating upright "forests" of buried logs—exactly like the "polystrate fossils" found in formations.

Rapid Petrification

Wood and organic material began (turning to stone) in just years, not the millions of years typically claimed necessary.

Lesson from Mount St. Helens:
"What we observed in days is what geologists have said required millions of years. The present rate is NOT always the key to the past."

Multiple Choice

1. Mount St. Helens carved 600-foot canyons in:

○ A) Millions of years
○ B) Thousands of years
○ C) Hours to days
○ D) Decades

2. The Spirit Lake log mats demonstrate how:

○ A) Trees grow underwater
○ B) Polystrate fossils can form rapidly
○ C) Slow processes work
○ D) Nothing geological

3. Petrification at Mount St. Helens began in:

○ A) Millions of years
○ B) Thousands of years
○ C) Just years
○ D) Centuries

RECALL

Write: What Mount St. Helens demonstrated about rapid canyon formation, layer deposition, and petrification.

TEACH-BACK

Explain to someone why Mount St. Helens is important evidence against uniformitarianism.

Person taught: Date:

LESSON 4: MARINE FOSSILS ON MOUNTAINTOPS

The Evidence

Marine fossils—seashells, fish, coral—are found on the highest mountains on Earth.

LocationAltitudeFossils Found
Mount Everest (Himalayas)29,032 ftAmmonites, nautiloids, marine shells
Andes MountainsUp to 22,000 ftBrachiopods, marine fossils
Rocky MountainsVariousMarine invertebrates
AlpsVariousMarine fossils throughout

Two Explanations

Explanation 1: Plate Tectonics (Mainstream)

The ocean floor was uplifted over of years as tectonic plates collided.

Explanation 2: Global Flood

A global flood covered the entire Earth, depositing marine fossils everywhere. Mountains rose and ocean basins sank the flood (Psalm 104:6-8).

Psalm 104:6-8
"You covered it with the deep as with a garment: the waters stood above the mountains. At your rebuke they fled... The mountains rose, the valleys sank down to the place which you did establish for them."

Key Question

Both explanations acknowledge that oceans once covered these areas. The debate is over —gradual over millions of years, or rapid during a catastrophe?

Multiple Choice

1. Marine fossils are found:

○ A) Only at sea level
○ B) On the highest mountains
○ C) Only in oceans
○ D) Nowhere significant

2. Both explanations agree that:

○ A) No water ever covered mountains
○ B) Water once covered these areas
○ C) Mountains were always dry
○ D) Fossils don't exist

RECALL

Write: Evidence for marine fossils on mountains and two explanations for them.

LESSON 5: THE FOSSIL RECORD - RAPID BURIAL

What Fossilization Requires

For a creature to become a fossil, it must be:

Mass Fossil Graveyards

Around the world, we find mass graveyards of fossilized animals—jumbled together, often in contorted positions suggesting violent, death and burial.

LocationWhat's FoundImplication
Dinosaur National Monument (USA)Jumbled dinosaur bonesRapid burial event
Ashfall Fossil Beds (Nebraska)Complete rhinos in death posesCatastrophic burial
Chile Whale GraveyardMultiple whale skeletonsRapid mass death
Mazon Creek (Illinois)Mixed marine/land speciesCatastrophic mixing

Polystrate Fossils

"Polystrate" fossils are trees or organisms that pass through rock layers—layers supposedly separated by millions of years.

These fossils prove the layers were deposited , not over vast ages.

Fossils Showing Rapid Burial

Multiple Choice

1. Fossilization requires:

○ A) Slow burial over time
○ B) Rapid burial
○ C) No burial
○ D) Only water

2. Polystrate fossils prove:

○ A) Slow deposition over millions of years
○ B) Rapid deposition of multiple layers
○ C) Nothing significant
○ D) Evolution

3. Fish fossilized eating other fish show:

○ A) Slow processes
○ B) Instant catastrophic burial
○ C) Normal death
○ D) No burial

RECALL

Write: Requirements for fossilization. What polystrate fossils prove.

APPLICATION

LESSON 6: DINOSAUR SOFT TISSUE - A YOUNG EARTH?

Mary Schweitzer's Discovery (2005)

Paleontologist Mary Schweitzer discovered tissue in a T-rex femur supposedly 68 million years old.

Mary Schweitzer:
"It was exactly like looking at a slice of modern bone."

What Was Found

The Problem

All known chemistry indicates that soft tissue, proteins, and DNA cannot survive for of years—even under ideal conditions.

Subsequent Discoveries

Since 2005, soft tissue has been found in multiple dinosaur specimens:

Carbon-14 in Dinosaur Bones

Carbon-14 has a half-life of ~5,730 years. After ~100,000 years, it should be completely .

Yet C-14 has been detected in dinosaur bones—bones supposedly 65+ million years old.

THE QUESTION

If dinosaurs really died 65+ million years ago, how do soft tissue and C-14 still exist?

These findings are consistent with dinosaurs dying thousands, not millions, of years ago—during the global flood.

Multiple Choice

1. Mary Schweitzer found in dinosaur bones:

○ A) Only mineralized fossils
○ B) Soft tissue and blood vessels
○ C) Nothing unusual
○ D) Only bones

2. Carbon-14 should be completely gone after:

○ A) 1,000 years
○ B) ~100,000 years
○ C) 1 million years
○ D) Never

3. Finding C-14 in dinosaur bones suggests:

○ A) They are billions of years old
○ B) They are much younger than claimed
○ C) Nothing significant
○ D) Dinosaurs never existed

RECALL

Write: What Mary Schweitzer found. Why soft tissue and C-14 are problems for millions of years.

TEACH-BACK

Explain the dinosaur soft tissue discovery and its implications to someone.

Person taught: Date:

LESSON 7: PROBLEMS WITH RADIOMETRIC DATING

Three Critical Assumptions

All radiometric dating methods rely on three assumptions:

  1. Initial Conditions Known: We must know how much parent/daughter isotope was present at the .
  2. Closed System: No parent or daughter isotope has been added or over time.
  3. Constant Decay Rate: The decay rate has remained throughout history.

Documented Dating Failures

SampleKnown AgeRadiometric Date
Mount St. Helens rocks (1980 eruption)~10 years2.8 million years
Living mollusk shellsLiving2,300 years old
Hawaiian lava (1801 eruption)~200 years1.4-22 million years

The RATE Project

The RATE (Radioisotopes and the Age of The Earth) project found:

KEY POINT

Radiometric dating is not as reliable as often presented. When the assumptions are wrong, the dates are wrong.

Multiple Choice

1. Radiometric dating assumes:

○ A) Only one assumption
○ B) Three critical assumptions
○ C) No assumptions
○ D) Four assumptions

2. Mount St. Helens rocks (10 years old) dated at:

○ A) 10 years
○ B) 1,000 years
○ C) 2.8 million years
○ D) 10 million years

RECALL

Write the three assumptions of radiometric dating and one documented dating failure.

LESSON 8: THE HYDROPLATE THEORY

Overview

Developed by Dr. Walt Brown, the Hydroplate Theory proposes a mechanism for the global flood.

Pre-Flood Earth

The theory proposes that before the flood, there was a layer of subterranean trapped beneath a granite crust—approximately 10 miles deep.

The Rupture

When the crust ruptured along what is now the mid-oceanic ridges, this water erupted violently, causing:

Evidence Cited

Genesis 7:11
"...the same day were all the fountains of the great deep broken up, and the windows of heaven were opened."

Multiple Choice

1. The Hydroplate Theory proposes:

○ A) Slow continental drift
○ B) Subterranean water causing rapid flood
○ C) No flood occurred
○ D) Local flooding only

2. "Fountains of the great deep" refers to:

○ A) Rain only
○ B) Subterranean water sources
○ C) Rivers
○ D) Lakes

RECALL

Write: Basic premise of the Hydroplate Theory and what "fountains of the great deep" might mean.

LESSON 9: THE POST-FLOOD ICE AGE

Conditions Needed for an Ice Age

An ice age requires two seemingly contradictory conditions:

  1. Warm oceans - to evaporate massive amounts of water
  2. Cool continents - for snow to accumulate without melting

The Flood Model Explanation

After a global flood:

Evidence: Flash-Frozen Mammoths

Woolly mammoths have been found in Siberia with:

This suggests a sudden, catastrophic climate change—not gradual cooling over thousands of years.

Post-Flood Ice Age Duration

Creation models estimate the ice age lasted approximately -700 years after the flood—not millions of years.

Multiple Choice

1. An ice age requires:

○ A) Cold oceans only
○ B) Warm oceans and cool continents
○ C) No water
○ D) Hot continents

2. Flash-frozen mammoths suggest:

○ A) Gradual climate change
○ B) Sudden catastrophic freezing
○ C) No climate change
○ D) Warm conditions

RECALL

Write: How a global flood could cause an ice age. Evidence from flash-frozen mammoths.

LESSON 10: SEDIMENTARY ROCK COVERAGE

The Facts

Approximately % of Earth's continental surfaces are covered by sedimentary rock.

Sedimentary rock forms from sediment deposited by .

Global Sedimentary Layers

The same sedimentary formations are found across multiple continents:

What This Indicates

The worldwide distribution of sedimentary rock suggests a event—not localized flooding over millions of years.

THE PATTERN

If the flood described in Genesis was real and global:

Multiple Choice

1. Approximately what percentage of continents are covered by sedimentary rock?

○ A) 10%
○ B) 25%
○ C) 50%
○ D) 73%+

2. Similar sedimentary layers across continents suggest:

○ A) Local floods only
○ B) A global water event
○ C) No flooding ever
○ D) Nothing significant

RECALL

Write: How much of Earth is covered by sedimentary rock. What this indicates about Earth's history.

LESSON 11: MAINSTREAM ADMISSIONS

Quotes from Secular Scientists

Derek Ager (geologist, 1993):
"Catastrophism is back in ."
Stephen Jay Gould (Harvard, 1984):
"Uniformitarianism... has been stretched to the ."
David Raup (University of Chicago):
"A large number of well-trained scientists outside of evolutionary biology... have unfortunately gotten the idea that the fossil record is far more than it is."

Neo-Catastrophism Today

Mainstream geology now accepts:

The Question

If catastrophes are now accepted as shaping Earth's features, why is the flood—the largest recorded catastrophe—still rejected?

Multiple Choice

1. Derek Ager acknowledged that:

○ A) Uniformitarianism is proven
○ B) Catastrophism is back in vogue
○ C) No catastrophes occurred
○ D) Slow processes only

2. Neo-catastrophism accepts:

○ A) Only slow processes
○ B) Rapid catastrophic events in Earth history
○ C) No major events
○ D) Millions of years only

RECALL

Write: Two quotes from secular scientists admitting problems with uniformitarianism.

TEACH-BACK

Share with someone what mainstream scientists now admit about catastrophism.

Person taught: Date:

LESSON 12: THE BIBLICAL ACCOUNT

Genesis 6-8 Summary

The flood account describes:

Genesis 7:19-20
"And the waters prevailed exceedingly upon the earth; and all the high hills, that were under the whole heaven, were covered. Fifteen cubits upward did the waters prevail; and the mountains were covered."

Worldwide Flood Traditions

Over ancient cultures worldwide have flood traditions—from China to Native America to Mesopotamia to India.

Common elements include:

Yahusha's Testimony

Matthew 24:37-39
"But as the days of Noah were, so shall also the coming of the Son of man be. For as in the days that were before the flood they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day that Noah entered into the ark, and knew not until the flood came, and took them all away..."

Yahusha spoke of the flood as a historical event—not a myth or allegory.

Multiple Choice

1. The Genesis flood lasted approximately:

○ A) 40 days
○ B) 6 months
○ C) 1 year
○ D) 10 years

2. Approximately how many cultures have flood traditions?

○ A) 5
○ B) 25
○ C) 100
○ D) 200+

3. Yahusha spoke of Noah's flood as:

○ A) A myth
○ B) An allegory
○ C) A real historical event
○ D) A local flood

RECALL

Write: Duration and extent of the biblical flood. Common elements in worldwide flood traditions.

SCRIPTURE MEMORY: Genesis 7:19

"And the waters prevailed exceedingly upon the earth; and all the high hills, that were under the whole heaven, were covered."

APPLICATION

SPACED REVIEW TRACKER

Instructions: After completing each lesson, review at these intervals for long-term retention.

LessonDoneDay 1Day 3Day 7Day 21Day 60
1. Uniformitarianism vs. Catastrophism___
2. Grand Canyon Evidence___
3. Mount St. Helens___
4. Marine Fossils on Mountains___
5. Fossil Record___
6. Dinosaur Soft Tissue___
7. Radiometric Dating Problems___
8. Hydroplate Theory___
9. Post-Flood Ice Age___
10. Sedimentary Rock Coverage___
11. Mainstream Admissions___
12. Biblical Account___

"The world that then was, being overflowed with water, perished." - 2 Peter 3:6

ANSWER KEY

Lesson 1

Fill-ins: present, Lyell, large, Moses, Moses, boredom

MC: 1-B, 2-B, 3-B | T/F: 1-False (catastrophism was earlier), 2-False (neo-catastrophism accepted)

Lesson 2

Fill-ins: millions, erosion, fracturing, water, delta

MC: 1-B, 2-B

Lesson 3

Fill-ins: hours/days, 400-600, coal, petrifying

MC: 1-C, 2-B, 3-C

Lesson 4

Fill-ins: millions, after, timing

MC: 1-B, 2-B

Lesson 5

Fill-ins: decay, rapid, multiple, rapidly, eating

MC: 1-B, 2-B, 3-B

Lesson 6

Fill-ins: soft, flexible, millions, gone

MC: 1-B, 2-B, 3-B

Lesson 7

Fill-ins: start, removed, constant, 6,000

MC: 1-B, 2-C

Lesson 8

Fill-ins: water, collision, canyons

MC: 1-B, 2-B

Lesson 9

Fill-ins: warm, cooling, buttercups, 500

MC: 1-B, 2-B

Lesson 10

Fill-ins: 73, water, global

MC: 1-D, 2-B

Lesson 11

Fill-ins: vogue, limit, Darwinian, biblical

MC: 1-B, 2-B

Lesson 12

Fill-ins: one, high, 200, real

MC: 1-C, 2-D, 3-C

Truth Carriers Education System

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