Unlocking the Original Languages of Scripture
TRUTH CARRIERS EDUCATION SYSTEM
Biblical Languages Series - Adult/Teen Level
English translations cannot capture everything in the original Hebrew and Greek. Words like "love," "soul," and "law" translate multiple different Hebrew and Greek words—each with distinct meanings.
This workbook teaches you to dig deeper using Strong's Concordance numbers and original language study to understand what Scripture truly says.
You will learn:
This workbook uses the 6 Rs Learning Method for deep understanding and long-term retention:
אֱלֹהִים (Elohim) Strong's H430
Greek Equivalent: Theos G2316
Literally "" or "Powers." It is the plural form of Eloah (H433).
While usually referring to the One true Creator, the word denotes authority, , and divine power.
In Hebrew, plural nouns can denote:
When Elohim refers to Yahuah, the verbs usually remain (e.g., "Elohim created [singular verb]" in Genesis 1:1).
| Context | Example | Verb Form |
|---|---|---|
| For Yahuah | Over 2,500 times | Singular |
| For False gods | Exodus 20:3 | Plural |
| For Judges/Rulers | Psalm 82:6 | Varies |
1. Elohim literally means:
○ A) Lord
○ B) Mighty Ones/Powers
○ C) Holy Spirit
○ D) King
2. When Elohim refers to Yahuah, the verbs are usually:
○ A) Plural
○ B) Singular
○ C) Neither
○ D) Both
3. The Strong's number for Elohim is:
○ A) G2316
○ B) H430
○ C) H3068
○ D) G3551
1. Elohim is always singular in Hebrew.
○ True ○ False - Correction:
2. The word Elohim is used for both the true Creator and false gods.
○ True ○ False - Correction:
3. "God" is the original Hebrew word.
○ True ○ False - Correction:
Close this workbook. Write from memory:
Explain to someone why "Elohim" is more accurate than "God" for understanding Scripture.
Person taught: Date:
"In the beginning Elohim created the heavens and the earth."
אֵל (El) Strong's H410
"," "Strength," or "Power." It is the shortened, singular root form.
| Name | Hebrew | Strong's | Meaning | Scripture |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| El Shaddai | אֵל שַׁדַּי | H7706 | Almighty / All-Sufficient One | Genesis 17:1 |
| El Elyon | אֵל עֶלְיוֹן | H5945 | Most High | Genesis 14:18 |
| El Olam | אֵל עוֹלָם | H5769 | The Everlasting | Genesis 21:33 |
1. El Shaddai means "Elohim " or "The All-Sufficient One."
2. El Elyon means "Elohim Most ."
3. El Olam means "The Elohim."
4. Melchizedek was priest of El (Genesis 14:18).
5. Abraham planted a tree and called on the name of El (Genesis 21:33).
1. El Shaddai appears first in:
○ A) Exodus 3
○ B) Genesis 17:1
○ C) Psalm 91
○ D) Isaiah 40
2. The difference between El and Elohim is:
○ A) Different gods
○ B) Singular vs. plural forms
○ C) Old vs. New Testament
○ D) Hebrew vs. Greek
Write the three compound names of El and their meanings without looking.
אֲדֹנָי (Adonai) Strong's H136
Greek Equivalent: Kyrios G2962
"," "Master," or "Sovereign." Emphasizes the relationship of a master to a servant (ownership and authority).
After the Babylonian exile, a tradition developed where Jews would read "" aloud whenever they saw the Tetragrammaton (YHWH) in the text—to avoid taking the name "in vain."
This is why most English Bibles write:
| Word | Strong's | Used For | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adonai | H136 | ONLY for Elohim | "The Lord" (emphatic) |
| Adoni | H113 | Human masters, kings, angels | Sarah calling Abraham "my lord" |
1. Adonai emphasizes:
○ A) Creation
○ B) Master/servant relationship
○ C) Judgment
○ D) Holiness
2. "LORD" in all capitals in English Bibles represents:
○ A) Adonai
○ B) YHWH
○ C) Elohim
○ D) El
3. The Greek equivalent of Adonai is:
○ A) Theos
○ B) Christos
○ C) Kyrios
○ D) Pneuma
1. Adonai and Adoni are exactly the same word.
○ True ○ False - Correction:
2. The tradition of saying "Adonai" instead of YHWH began after the Babylonian exile.
○ True ○ False
Write: The difference between Adonai and Adoni, and why "LORD" appears in caps.
Explain to someone why English Bibles have "LORD" vs. "Lord" - what's the difference?
Person taught: Date:
יֵשׁוּעַ / יָהוּשֻׁעַ
Yeshua: H3442 | Yehoshua: H3091
Greek: Iesous G2424
" Saves" or "Yahuah is Salvation."
It is a contraction of the divine name (Yah) and the verb yasha (to ).
The name "Jesus" in the New Testament is the same name as "Joshua" in the Old Testament!
Hebrew Yeshua → Greek Iesous (no "sh" sound, added "s" ending) → Latin Iesus → English
The letter "J" was a variant of "I" developed in the century.
יְשׁוּעָה H3444 | Greek: Soteria G4991
Unlike the abstract Western idea of "going to heaven," Yeshuah implies vastness, from distress, and space to breathe. It is concrete deliverance.
1. Yahusha/Yeshua means:
○ A) King of Kings
○ B) Yah Saves
○ C) Holy One
○ D) Lamb of Elohim
2. Jesus and Joshua are:
○ A) Completely different names
○ B) The same Hebrew name
○ C) Greek inventions
○ D) Unrelated
3. The Hebrew word for salvation (yeshuah) emphasizes:
○ A) Going to heaven
○ B) Concrete deliverance and freedom
○ C) Abstract concepts
○ D) Death
Write the name evolution from Hebrew to English, and why "Jesus" and "Joshua" are the same name.
"And she shall bring forth a son, and you shall call his name YAHUSHA: for he shall save his people from their sins."
פָּדָה (Padah) H6299 - To ransom by paying a price
גָּאַל (Gaal) H1350 - To act as Kinsman-Redeemer
Meaning: To ransom, redeem by paying a .
Usage: Used for redeeming the firstborn (Exodus 13:13). Emphasizes the price paid to free someone from bondage.
Meaning: To act as a -Redeemer.
Requirement: A blood relationship. If a family member fell into debt/slavery, the Goel (kinsman) bought them back (Leviticus 25:25).
Example: in the book of Ruth acted as the Goel for Naomi's family.
Apolytrosis G629 - Redemption/Release effected by payment of ransom.
כָּפַר (Kaphar) H3722 | Greek: Hilasmos G2434
Meaning: To , appease, pacify, or cleanse.
Originally used for covering the Ark with pitch (Genesis 6:14).
Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement) is the day of "coverings." The blood of the sacrifice "" the sins of the people until the Messiah could remove them.
1. Gaal requires:
○ A) A blood relationship
○ B) Money only
○ C) A sacrifice
○ D) Nothing
2. Kaphar (atonement) literally means:
○ A) To destroy
○ B) To cover
○ C) To judge
○ D) To create
3. Who acted as Goel for Ruth?
○ A) Naomi
○ B) Boaz
○ C) Elimelech
○ D) Orpah
Write the difference between Padah and Gaal redemption.
תּוֹרָה (Torah) H8451
Greek: Nomos G3551
Root: yarah (H3384) - to shoot (an arrow), to point, to teach/instruct
Torah is often mistranslated as "" which implies legalism.
It literally means "" or "Direction."
It is the Father the way for His children to walk to hit the mark.
| Hebrew | Strong's | Meaning | Character |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mitzvah (מִצְוָה) | H4687 | Commandment, precept | General command/duty |
| Chuqqah (חֻקָּה) | H2708 | Statute/Ordinance | Obeyed out of trust (e.g., Red Heifer) |
| Mishpat (מִשְׁפָּט) | H4941 | Judgment/Ruling | Logical laws (e.g., do not steal) |
1. The root of Torah (yarah) means to shoot, to , to instruct.
2. A chuqqah is a statute obeyed out of , not clear logic.
3. A mishpat is a law governing social justice.
4. Torah is better translated as "" than "law."
5. The Greek word nomos has Strong's number .
1. Torah literally means:
○ A) Strict legal code
○ B) Instruction/Direction
○ C) Punishment
○ D) Religion
2. The root yarah means:
○ A) To judge
○ B) To shoot/point/instruct
○ C) To condemn
○ D) To destroy
Write: Why Torah should not be translated as "law" and what it truly means.
Explain to someone why "Torah" means instruction, not legalistic law.
Person taught: Date:
חֵן (Chen) H2580 - Favor, grace, charm
חֶסֶד (Chesed) H2617 - Lovingkindness, covenant loyalty
Meaning: Favor, grace, charm, elegance.
Greek: Charis G5485
Concept: Finding in the eyes of a superior.
Meaning: Lovingkindness, covenant , steadfast love, mercy.
Greek: Eleos G1656
Concept: Loyal love that sticks to a covenant commitment despite the of the other party.
1. Noah found chen, which means:
○ A) Punishment
○ B) Favor/grace
○ C) Law
○ D) Judgment
2. Chesed emphasizes:
○ A) Strict justice
○ B) Covenant loyalty and steadfast love
○ C) Fear
○ D) Wrath
Write the difference between Chen and Chesed.
שַׁבָּת (Shabbat) H7676
Root: Shabath (H7673) - to cease, desist, rest
Literally "" or "Cessation."
It is NOT just sleeping/relaxing, but a conscious decision to creating/working to acknowledge the Creator.
Sabbatismos G4520 - A "Sabbath-keeping" or observance of the Sabbath.
This is unique! Other verses use katapausis (G2663) for "rest" - but Hebrews 4:9 specifically uses (Sabbath-observance).
1. Shabbat literally means:
○ A) Holy day
○ B) Intermission/Cessation
○ C) Worship
○ D) Prayer
2. The unique Greek word in Hebrews 4:9 is:
○ A) Katapausis
○ B) Sabbatismos
○ C) Anapausis
○ D) Hesychia
Write: What Shabbat means and why Hebrews 4:9 is significant.
"There remains therefore a sabbatismos (Sabbath-rest) for the people of Elohim."
חָטָא (Chata) H2398 - To miss the mark
עָוֹן (Avon) H5771 - Perversity, iniquity
פֶּשַׁע (Pesha) H6588 - Rebellion, transgression
Meaning: To miss the mark, to miss the way.
Concept: Shooting an and missing the target.
Greek: Hamartia G266
Meaning: Perversity, depravity, iniquity.
Concept: or distorting the law; intentional guilt.
Meaning: Rebellion, transgression.
Concept: A willful or breaking away from authority.
Greek: Anomia G458 - Lawlessness
1. Chata (sin) literally means:
○ A) Evil thoughts
○ B) Missing the mark
○ C) Breaking covenant
○ D) Idolatry
2. Pesha represents:
○ A) Accidental sin
○ B) Willful rebellion
○ C) Ignorance
○ D) Weakness
3. The Greek word anomia means:
○ A) Love
○ B) Lawlessness
○ C) Grace
○ D) Faith
Write the three types of sin and their distinctions.
תְּשׁוּבָה (Teshuvah) H8666 - Return, turning back
אֱמוּנָה (Emunah) H530 - Faithfulness, firmness
Root: Shuv (H7725)
Greek: Metanoia G3341
Key Difference:
Meaning: Firmness, fidelity, , stability.
Greek: Pistis G4102
Concept: NOT merely abstract belief or mental assent. It is —to be steady and reliable like a pillar.
1. Hebrew repentance (teshuvah) emphasizes:
○ A) Feeling sorry
○ B) Action - turning around
○ C) Mental change only
○ D) Rituals
2. Emunah is best understood as:
○ A) Blind belief
○ B) Faithfulness and steadfastness
○ C) Hope
○ D) Knowledge
Write: How Hebrew teshuvah differs from Greek metanoia; what emunah truly means.
Explain to someone why "faith" in Hebrew is about faithfulness, not just belief.
Person taught: Date:
בָּרָא (Bara) H1254 - To create (ex nihilo)
עָשָׂה (Asah) H6213 - To make, fashion
רָקִיעַ (Raqia) H7549 - Firmament, expanse
| Word | Meaning | Subject | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bara | Create from nothing | ONLY | Genesis 1:1 - "created" |
| Asah | Make/fashion from existing | Elohim AND | Genesis 1:16 - "made" |
Root: Raqa (H7554) - to beat, stamp, beat out, spread out (like )
The raqia is something "beaten out" or "stretched out" - the structure created to separate the waters below from the waters .
1. Bara (create) is used with:
○ A) Only Elohim as subject
○ B) Humans and Elohim
○ C) Only humans
○ D) Angels
2. The root of raqia means:
○ A) To float
○ B) To beat out like metal
○ C) To dissolve
○ D) To scatter
Write: The difference between Bara and Asah; what Raqia literally means.
נֶפֶשׁ (Nephesh) H5315 - Soul, self, life, creature
רוּחַ (Ruach) H7307 - Wind, breath, spirit
Greek: Psyche G5590
Key Understanding: Man was not a soul - he BECAME a living soul.
Equation: Dust + Breath (Ruach/Neshamah) = Living
Animals too? Yes! Animals are called nephesh chayah (living souls/creatures) in Genesis 1:20-21.
Greek: Pneuma G4151
Meanings:
Unlike nephesh, which ceases at death, the ruach to Elohim who gave it.
1. According to Genesis 2:7, man:
○ A) Was given a soul
○ B) Became a living soul
○ C) Has no soul
○ D) Is purely spirit
2. Ruach can mean:
○ A) Wind, breath, and spirit
○ B) Only spirit
○ C) Only breath
○ D) Only wind
3. At death, the ruach:
○ A) Ceases to exist
○ B) Returns to Elohim
○ C) Becomes another nephesh
○ D) Stays in the body
Write: The formula for how man became a living soul; the difference between nephesh and ruach at death.
Instructions: After completing each lesson, review at these intervals for long-term retention.
| Lesson | Done | Day 1 | Day 3 | Day 7 | Day 21 | Day 60 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Elohim | ___ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| 2. El | ___ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| 3. Adonai | ___ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| 4. Yeshua/Yahusha | ___ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| 5. Redemption | ___ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| 6. Torah | ___ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| 7. Grace | ___ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| 8. Shabbat | ___ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| 9. Sin Terms | ___ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| 10. Repentance/Faith | ___ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| 11. Creation Terms | ___ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| 12. Soul/Spirit | ___ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
"Study to show yourself approved..." - 2 Timothy 2:15
Fill-ins: Mighty Ones, strength, majesty, singular, Germanic
MC: 1-B, 2-B, 3-B | T/F: 1-False (plural form), 2-True, 3-False (Elohim is Hebrew)
Fill-ins: Mighty One, might, Almighty, High, Everlasting, Elyon, Olam
MC: 1-B, 2-B
Fill-ins: Lord, Adonai, LORD
MC: 1-B, 2-B, 3-C | T/F: 1-False (different words), 2-True
Fill-ins: Yah, save, exact, Jesus, 16th, freedom
MC: 1-B, 2-B, 3-B
Fill-ins: price, Kinsman, Boaz, cover, covered
MC: 1-A, 2-B, 3-B
Fill-ins: Law, Instruction, pointing, point, trust, logical, instruction, G3551
MC: 1-B, 2-B
Fill-ins: favor, loyalty, unworthiness, Covenant
MC: 1-B, 2-B
Fill-ins: Intermission, stop, sabbatismos
MC: 1-B, 2-B
Fill-ins: arrow, Twisting, revolt
MC: 1-B, 2-B, 3-B
Fill-ins: mind, 180, steadfastness, faithfulness
MC: 1-B, 2-B
Fill-ins: Elohim, humans, metal, above
MC: 1-A, 2-B
Fill-ins: given, Soul, Ruach, returns
MC: 1-B, 2-A, 3-B
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