HEBREW & GREEK WORD STUDIES

Unlocking the Original Languages of Scripture

TRUTH CARRIERS EDUCATION SYSTEM
Biblical Languages Series - Adult/Teen Level

2 Timothy 2:15
"Study to show yourself approved unto Elohim, a workman that needs not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth."

INTRODUCTION

English translations cannot capture everything in the original Hebrew and Greek. Words like "love," "soul," and "law" translate multiple different Hebrew and Greek words—each with distinct meanings.

This workbook teaches you to dig deeper using Strong's Concordance numbers and original language study to understand what Scripture truly says.

You will learn:

HOW TO USE THIS WORKBOOK

The Truth Carriers Learning Method - 6 Rs

This workbook uses the 6 Rs Learning Method for deep understanding and long-term retention:

1. RECEIVE
Read the Hebrew/Greek word studies. Learn the Strong's numbers.
2. REFLECT
Complete fill-in-blanks, multiple choice, and discussion questions.
3. RECALL
Close the book and write key Hebrew/Greek words from memory.
4. RECITE
Teach these word meanings to someone else.
5. REVIEW
Use the spaced review tracker. Review at Day 1, 3, 7, 21, 60.
6. RESPOND
Apply word studies to your Bible reading.

LESSON 1: ELOHIM - The Mighty Ones

THE HEBREW WORD

אֱלֹהִים (Elohim) Strong's H430

Greek Equivalent: Theos G2316

Meaning

Literally "" or "Powers." It is the plural form of Eloah (H433).

While usually referring to the One true Creator, the word denotes authority, , and divine power.

Grammatically Plural

In Hebrew, plural nouns can denote:

When Elohim refers to Yahuah, the verbs usually remain (e.g., "Elohim created [singular verb]" in Genesis 1:1).

Usage in Scripture

ContextExampleVerb Form
For YahuahOver 2,500 timesSingular
For False godsExodus 20:3Plural
For Judges/RulersPsalm 82:6Varies
Genesis 1:1
"In the beginning Elohim created the heavens and the earth."
This establishes Him as the Supreme Power before revealing His personal name (YHWH) in Genesis 2.
Translation Note:
"God" is a generic term. Many prefer "Elohim" to preserve the Hebrew nuance of "All-Powerful Ones" or "Supreme Authority."

Multiple Choice

1. Elohim literally means:

○ A) Lord
○ B) Mighty Ones/Powers
○ C) Holy Spirit
○ D) King

2. When Elohim refers to Yahuah, the verbs are usually:

○ A) Plural
○ B) Singular
○ C) Neither
○ D) Both

3. The Strong's number for Elohim is:

○ A) G2316
○ B) H430
○ C) H3068
○ D) G3551

True or False

1. Elohim is always singular in Hebrew.
○ True ○ False - Correction:

2. The word Elohim is used for both the true Creator and false gods.
○ True ○ False - Correction:

3. "God" is the original Hebrew word.
○ True ○ False - Correction:

RECALL EXERCISE

Close this workbook. Write from memory:

TEACH-BACK CHALLENGE

Explain to someone why "Elohim" is more accurate than "God" for understanding Scripture.

Person taught: Date:

SCRIPTURE MEMORY: Genesis 1:1

"In the beginning Elohim created the heavens and the earth."

APPLICATION STEP

LESSON 2: EL - The Mighty One

THE HEBREW WORD

אֵל (El) Strong's H410

Meaning

"," "Strength," or "Power." It is the shortened, singular root form.

Difference from Elohim

Compound Names of El

NameHebrewStrong'sMeaningScripture
El Shaddaiאֵל שַׁדַּיH7706Almighty / All-Sufficient OneGenesis 17:1
El Elyonאֵל עֶלְיוֹןH5945Most HighGenesis 14:18
El Olamאֵל עוֹלָםH5769The EverlastingGenesis 21:33

Fill in the Blanks

1. El Shaddai means "Elohim " or "The All-Sufficient One."

2. El Elyon means "Elohim Most ."

3. El Olam means "The Elohim."

4. Melchizedek was priest of El (Genesis 14:18).

5. Abraham planted a tree and called on the name of El (Genesis 21:33).

Multiple Choice

1. El Shaddai appears first in:

○ A) Exodus 3
○ B) Genesis 17:1
○ C) Psalm 91
○ D) Isaiah 40

2. The difference between El and Elohim is:

○ A) Different gods
○ B) Singular vs. plural forms
○ C) Old vs. New Testament
○ D) Hebrew vs. Greek

RECALL

Write the three compound names of El and their meanings without looking.

APPLICATION

LESSON 3: ADONAI - Lord and Master

THE HEBREW WORD

אֲדֹנָי (Adonai) Strong's H136

Greek Equivalent: Kyrios G2962

Meaning

"," "Master," or "Sovereign." Emphasizes the relationship of a master to a servant (ownership and authority).

Substitution History

After the Babylonian exile, a tradition developed where Jews would read "" aloud whenever they saw the Tetragrammaton (YHWH) in the text—to avoid taking the name "in vain."

This is why most English Bibles write:

Adonai vs. Adoni

WordStrong'sUsed ForExample
AdonaiH136ONLY for Elohim"The Lord" (emphatic)
AdoniH113Human masters, kings, angelsSarah calling Abraham "my lord"

Multiple Choice

1. Adonai emphasizes:

○ A) Creation
○ B) Master/servant relationship
○ C) Judgment
○ D) Holiness

2. "LORD" in all capitals in English Bibles represents:

○ A) Adonai
○ B) YHWH
○ C) Elohim
○ D) El

3. The Greek equivalent of Adonai is:

○ A) Theos
○ B) Christos
○ C) Kyrios
○ D) Pneuma

True or False

1. Adonai and Adoni are exactly the same word.
○ True ○ False - Correction:

2. The tradition of saying "Adonai" instead of YHWH began after the Babylonian exile.
○ True ○ False

RECALL

Write: The difference between Adonai and Adoni, and why "LORD" appears in caps.

TEACH-BACK

Explain to someone why English Bibles have "LORD" vs. "Lord" - what's the difference?

Person taught: Date:

LESSON 4: YESHUA / YAHUSHA - Salvation

THE HEBREW NAME

יֵשׁוּעַ / יָהוּשֻׁעַ

Yeshua: H3442 | Yehoshua: H3091

Greek: Iesous G2424

Meaning

" Saves" or "Yahuah is Salvation."

It is a contraction of the divine name (Yah) and the verb yasha (to ).

Connection to Joshua

The name "Jesus" in the New Testament is the same name as "Joshua" in the Old Testament!

Hebrews 4:8 (KJV erroneously translates):
"For if Jesus [should be Joshua] had given them rest..."
Both share the exact same Hebrew name.

Name Evolution

Hebrew Yeshua → Greek Iesous (no "sh" sound, added "s" ending) → Latin Iesus → English

The letter "J" was a variant of "I" developed in the century.

Related Word: Yeshuah (Salvation)

יְשׁוּעָה H3444 | Greek: Soteria G4991

Unlike the abstract Western idea of "going to heaven," Yeshuah implies vastness, from distress, and space to breathe. It is concrete deliverance.

Multiple Choice

1. Yahusha/Yeshua means:

○ A) King of Kings
○ B) Yah Saves
○ C) Holy One
○ D) Lamb of Elohim

2. Jesus and Joshua are:

○ A) Completely different names
○ B) The same Hebrew name
○ C) Greek inventions
○ D) Unrelated

3. The Hebrew word for salvation (yeshuah) emphasizes:

○ A) Going to heaven
○ B) Concrete deliverance and freedom
○ C) Abstract concepts
○ D) Death

RECALL

Write the name evolution from Hebrew to English, and why "Jesus" and "Joshua" are the same name.

SCRIPTURE MEMORY: Matthew 1:21

"And she shall bring forth a son, and you shall call his name YAHUSHA: for he shall save his people from their sins."

LESSON 5: REDEMPTION - Padah & Gaal

TWO HEBREW WORDS FOR REDEMPTION

פָּדָה (Padah) H6299 - To ransom by paying a price

גָּאַל (Gaal) H1350 - To act as Kinsman-Redeemer

Padah - Ransom Redemption

Meaning: To ransom, redeem by paying a .

Usage: Used for redeeming the firstborn (Exodus 13:13). Emphasizes the price paid to free someone from bondage.

Gaal - Kinsman Redemption

Meaning: To act as a -Redeemer.

Requirement: A blood relationship. If a family member fell into debt/slavery, the Goel (kinsman) bought them back (Leviticus 25:25).

Job 19:25
"For I know that my Gaal (Redeemer) lives..."

Example: in the book of Ruth acted as the Goel for Naomi's family.

Greek Equivalent

Apolytrosis G629 - Redemption/Release effected by payment of ransom.

Atonement - Kaphar

כָּפַר (Kaphar) H3722 | Greek: Hilasmos G2434

Meaning: To , appease, pacify, or cleanse.

Originally used for covering the Ark with pitch (Genesis 6:14).

Yom Kippur

Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement) is the day of "coverings." The blood of the sacrifice "" the sins of the people until the Messiah could remove them.

Multiple Choice

1. Gaal requires:

○ A) A blood relationship
○ B) Money only
○ C) A sacrifice
○ D) Nothing

2. Kaphar (atonement) literally means:

○ A) To destroy
○ B) To cover
○ C) To judge
○ D) To create

3. Who acted as Goel for Ruth?

○ A) Naomi
○ B) Boaz
○ C) Elimelech
○ D) Orpah

RECALL

Write the difference between Padah and Gaal redemption.

APPLICATION

LESSON 6: TORAH - Instruction, Not Law

THE HEBREW WORD

תּוֹרָה (Torah) H8451

Greek: Nomos G3551

Root: yarah (H3384) - to shoot (an arrow), to point, to teach/instruct

The Mistranslation

Torah is often mistranslated as "" which implies legalism.

It literally means "" or "Direction."

It is the Father the way for His children to walk to hit the mark.

Proverbs 1:8
"...do not forsake the teaching (torah) of your mother."

Related Terms

HebrewStrong'sMeaningCharacter
Mitzvah (מִצְוָה)H4687Commandment, preceptGeneral command/duty
Chuqqah (חֻקָּה)H2708Statute/OrdinanceObeyed out of trust (e.g., Red Heifer)
Mishpat (מִשְׁפָּט)H4941Judgment/RulingLogical laws (e.g., do not steal)

Fill in the Blanks

1. The root of Torah (yarah) means to shoot, to , to instruct.

2. A chuqqah is a statute obeyed out of , not clear logic.

3. A mishpat is a law governing social justice.

4. Torah is better translated as "" than "law."

5. The Greek word nomos has Strong's number .

Multiple Choice

1. Torah literally means:

○ A) Strict legal code
○ B) Instruction/Direction
○ C) Punishment
○ D) Religion

2. The root yarah means:

○ A) To judge
○ B) To shoot/point/instruct
○ C) To condemn
○ D) To destroy

RECALL

Write: Why Torah should not be translated as "law" and what it truly means.

TEACH-BACK

Explain to someone why "Torah" means instruction, not legalistic law.

Person taught: Date:

LESSON 7: GRACE - Chen & Chesed

TWO HEBREW WORDS FOR GRACE

חֵן (Chen) H2580 - Favor, grace, charm

חֶסֶד (Chesed) H2617 - Lovingkindness, covenant loyalty

Chen - Favor

Meaning: Favor, grace, charm, elegance.

Greek: Charis G5485

Concept: Finding in the eyes of a superior.

Genesis 6:8
"But Noah found chen (grace/favor) in the eyes of Yahuah."

Chesed - Covenant Loyalty

Meaning: Lovingkindness, covenant , steadfast love, mercy.

Greek: Eleos G1656

Concept: Loyal love that sticks to a covenant commitment despite the of the other party.

Key Difference

Multiple Choice

1. Noah found chen, which means:

○ A) Punishment
○ B) Favor/grace
○ C) Law
○ D) Judgment

2. Chesed emphasizes:

○ A) Strict justice
○ B) Covenant loyalty and steadfast love
○ C) Fear
○ D) Wrath

RECALL

Write the difference between Chen and Chesed.

LESSON 8: SHABBAT - The Sabbath Rest

THE HEBREW WORD

שַׁבָּת (Shabbat) H7676

Root: Shabath (H7673) - to cease, desist, rest

Meaning

Literally "" or "Cessation."

It is NOT just sleeping/relaxing, but a conscious decision to creating/working to acknowledge the Creator.

New Testament Reference

Hebrews 4:9
"There remains therefore a rest (sabbatismos) for the people of Elohim."

Sabbatismos G4520 - A "Sabbath-keeping" or observance of the Sabbath.

This is unique! Other verses use katapausis (G2663) for "rest" - but Hebrews 4:9 specifically uses (Sabbath-observance).

Multiple Choice

1. Shabbat literally means:

○ A) Holy day
○ B) Intermission/Cessation
○ C) Worship
○ D) Prayer

2. The unique Greek word in Hebrews 4:9 is:

○ A) Katapausis
○ B) Sabbatismos
○ C) Anapausis
○ D) Hesychia

RECALL

Write: What Shabbat means and why Hebrews 4:9 is significant.

SCRIPTURE MEMORY: Hebrews 4:9

"There remains therefore a sabbatismos (Sabbath-rest) for the people of Elohim."

LESSON 9: SIN TERMS - Chata, Avon, Pesha

THREE HEBREW WORDS FOR SIN

חָטָא (Chata) H2398 - To miss the mark

עָוֹן (Avon) H5771 - Perversity, iniquity

פֶּשַׁע (Pesha) H6588 - Rebellion, transgression

Chata - Missing the Mark

Meaning: To miss the mark, to miss the way.

Concept: Shooting an and missing the target.

Greek: Hamartia G266

Avon - Twisting/Perversion

Meaning: Perversity, depravity, iniquity.

Concept: or distorting the law; intentional guilt.

Pesha - Rebellion

Meaning: Rebellion, transgression.

Concept: A willful or breaking away from authority.

Greek: Anomia G458 - Lawlessness

Multiple Choice

1. Chata (sin) literally means:

○ A) Evil thoughts
○ B) Missing the mark
○ C) Breaking covenant
○ D) Idolatry

2. Pesha represents:

○ A) Accidental sin
○ B) Willful rebellion
○ C) Ignorance
○ D) Weakness

3. The Greek word anomia means:

○ A) Love
○ B) Lawlessness
○ C) Grace
○ D) Faith

RECALL

Write the three types of sin and their distinctions.

LESSON 10: REPENTANCE & FAITH - Teshuvah & Emunah

THE HEBREW WORDS

תְּשׁוּבָה (Teshuvah) H8666 - Return, turning back

אֱמוּנָה (Emunah) H530 - Faithfulness, firmness

Teshuvah - Repentance

Root: Shuv (H7725)

Greek: Metanoia G3341

Key Difference:

Emunah - Faith

Meaning: Firmness, fidelity, , stability.

Greek: Pistis G4102

Concept: NOT merely abstract belief or mental assent. It is —to be steady and reliable like a pillar.

Habakkuk 2:4
"The just shall live by his emunah (faith/faithfulness)."

Multiple Choice

1. Hebrew repentance (teshuvah) emphasizes:

○ A) Feeling sorry
○ B) Action - turning around
○ C) Mental change only
○ D) Rituals

2. Emunah is best understood as:

○ A) Blind belief
○ B) Faithfulness and steadfastness
○ C) Hope
○ D) Knowledge

RECALL

Write: How Hebrew teshuvah differs from Greek metanoia; what emunah truly means.

TEACH-BACK

Explain to someone why "faith" in Hebrew is about faithfulness, not just belief.

Person taught: Date:

LESSON 11: CREATION TERMS - Bara, Asah, Raqia

CREATION VOCABULARY

בָּרָא (Bara) H1254 - To create (ex nihilo)

עָשָׂה (Asah) H6213 - To make, fashion

רָקִיעַ (Raqia) H7549 - Firmament, expanse

Bara vs. Asah

WordMeaningSubjectExample
BaraCreate from nothingONLY Genesis 1:1 - "created"
AsahMake/fashion from existingElohim AND Genesis 1:16 - "made"

Raqia - The Firmament

Root: Raqa (H7554) - to beat, stamp, beat out, spread out (like )

Job 37:18
"Have you with him spread out the sky, which is strong, and as a molten looking glass?"

The raqia is something "beaten out" or "stretched out" - the structure created to separate the waters below from the waters .

Multiple Choice

1. Bara (create) is used with:

○ A) Only Elohim as subject
○ B) Humans and Elohim
○ C) Only humans
○ D) Angels

2. The root of raqia means:

○ A) To float
○ B) To beat out like metal
○ C) To dissolve
○ D) To scatter

RECALL

Write: The difference between Bara and Asah; what Raqia literally means.

LESSON 12: SOUL & SPIRIT - Nephesh & Ruach

THE HEBREW WORDS

נֶפֶשׁ (Nephesh) H5315 - Soul, self, life, creature

רוּחַ (Ruach) H7307 - Wind, breath, spirit

Nephesh - Soul

Greek: Psyche G5590

Genesis 2:7
"And Yahuah Elohim formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living nephesh (soul)."

Key Understanding: Man was not a soul - he BECAME a living soul.

Equation: Dust + Breath (Ruach/Neshamah) = Living

Animals too? Yes! Animals are called nephesh chayah (living souls/creatures) in Genesis 1:20-21.

Ruach - Spirit

Greek: Pneuma G4151

Meanings:

Ecclesiastes 12:7
"Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was: and the ruach (spirit) shall return unto Elohim who gave it."

Unlike nephesh, which ceases at death, the ruach to Elohim who gave it.

Multiple Choice

1. According to Genesis 2:7, man:

○ A) Was given a soul
○ B) Became a living soul
○ C) Has no soul
○ D) Is purely spirit

2. Ruach can mean:

○ A) Wind, breath, and spirit
○ B) Only spirit
○ C) Only breath
○ D) Only wind

3. At death, the ruach:

○ A) Ceases to exist
○ B) Returns to Elohim
○ C) Becomes another nephesh
○ D) Stays in the body

RECALL

Write: The formula for how man became a living soul; the difference between nephesh and ruach at death.

APPLICATION

SPACED REVIEW TRACKER

Instructions: After completing each lesson, review at these intervals for long-term retention.

LessonDoneDay 1Day 3Day 7Day 21Day 60
1. Elohim___
2. El___
3. Adonai___
4. Yeshua/Yahusha___
5. Redemption___
6. Torah___
7. Grace___
8. Shabbat___
9. Sin Terms___
10. Repentance/Faith___
11. Creation Terms___
12. Soul/Spirit___

"Study to show yourself approved..." - 2 Timothy 2:15

ANSWER KEY

Lesson 1: Elohim

Fill-ins: Mighty Ones, strength, majesty, singular, Germanic

MC: 1-B, 2-B, 3-B | T/F: 1-False (plural form), 2-True, 3-False (Elohim is Hebrew)

Lesson 2: El

Fill-ins: Mighty One, might, Almighty, High, Everlasting, Elyon, Olam

MC: 1-B, 2-B

Lesson 3: Adonai

Fill-ins: Lord, Adonai, LORD

MC: 1-B, 2-B, 3-C | T/F: 1-False (different words), 2-True

Lesson 4: Yeshua/Yahusha

Fill-ins: Yah, save, exact, Jesus, 16th, freedom

MC: 1-B, 2-B, 3-B

Lesson 5: Redemption

Fill-ins: price, Kinsman, Boaz, cover, covered

MC: 1-A, 2-B, 3-B

Lesson 6: Torah

Fill-ins: Law, Instruction, pointing, point, trust, logical, instruction, G3551

MC: 1-B, 2-B

Lesson 7: Grace

Fill-ins: favor, loyalty, unworthiness, Covenant

MC: 1-B, 2-B

Lesson 8: Shabbat

Fill-ins: Intermission, stop, sabbatismos

MC: 1-B, 2-B

Lesson 9: Sin Terms

Fill-ins: arrow, Twisting, revolt

MC: 1-B, 2-B, 3-B

Lesson 10: Repentance/Faith

Fill-ins: mind, 180, steadfastness, faithfulness

MC: 1-B, 2-B

Lesson 11: Creation Terms

Fill-ins: Elohim, humans, metal, above

MC: 1-A, 2-B

Lesson 12: Soul/Spirit

Fill-ins: given, Soul, Ruach, returns

MC: 1-B, 2-A, 3-B

Truth Carriers Education System

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