Scientific Evidence Against Naturalistic Origins
True Science SeriesThe Truth Carriers Learning Method (6 Rs)
This workbook is designed for deep learning and long-term retention, not just information consumption. Each lesson uses the proven 6 Rs method to transform knowledge into lasting understanding:
Research shows that passive reading results in only 5-10% retention after 24 hours. But when you actively recall, teach others, and apply knowledge, retention jumps to 75-90%. This workbook is designed to make truth stick.
"But be doers of the Word, and not hearers only, deceiving yourselves." - Ya'aqob (James) 1:22
Review this comprehensive study guide before beginning the lessons. Understanding these foundational concepts will greatly enhance your learning experience.
| Topic | Number | Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Simplest cell DNA | 580,000 | Base pairs in smallest known free-living organism |
| Minimum genes for life | 473 | Even with intelligent design, this is the minimum |
| One protein probability | 10^77 | Odds of one functional protein by chance |
| Universal probability bound | 10^150 | Maximum possible events in cosmic history |
| Hoyle's calculation | 10^40,000 | Probability of enzymes for life by chance |
| Miller-Urey amino acids | 2 of 20 | Only produced 2 of 20 needed, both unusable |
| Mutations per generation | ~100 | New mutations in human genome each generation |
| Cambrian Explosion duration | 1.7% | Of supposed fossil record duration |
| Human-Chimp DNA (full genome) | ~84% | Actual similarity, not the claimed 98% |
| ENCODE: functional DNA | 80%+ | Destroys "junk DNA" myth |
| Orphan genes in genomes | 10-30% | Genes with no evolutionary ancestors |
The Law of Biogenesis is one of the most well-established principles in biology. It states two things:
In 1859-1862, Louis Pasteur conducted his famous swan-neck flask experiments. He demonstrated that when sterile broth was protected from airborne contamination, no life appeared - even after extended periods. When exposed to air particles, life appeared.
In 1864, the French Academy of Sciences officially declared spontaneous generation disproven, awarding Pasteur the Alhumbert Prize.
1. The Law of Biogenesis states that life comes only from:
2. Who conducted the swan-neck flask experiments that disproved spontaneous generation?
3. TRUE or FALSE: The Law of Biogenesis has been violated many times in laboratory experiments.
Explain your answer:
4. Abiogenesis (life from non-life) is a requirement for evolution. How does this contradict the Law of Biogenesis?
5. Why is it significant that the French Academy of Sciences officially declared spontaneous generation disproven in 1864?
A classmate says: "Science has proven that life can come from non-living chemicals. The Miller-Urey experiment showed this."
Your Challenge: Using what you learned in this lesson, write a response that:
Close this workbook. On a separate paper, write everything you remember from this lesson without looking back.
After 5 minutes, reopen and check what you missed. Mark those items for extra review.
Key points I missed:
Explain the Law of Biogenesis to someone this week (spouse, child, friend, or record yourself).
Person I taught:
Date:
One question they asked:
How I answered:
"And Elohim said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind."
Write the verse from memory:
Knowledge without action is dead. Before the next lesson, complete ONE of the following:
What I did:
What happened:
Water is essential for life - all living things require it. Yet water presents a devastating problem for naturalistic origins: water destroys the very molecules needed to build life.
The building blocks of life - proteins and nucleic acids - are held together by bonds that water attacks:
What happens when you add energy to organic chemicals? Evolutionists claim energy plus chemistry equals life. Reality shows otherwise:
1. Hydrolysis is the process where:
2. According to Steven Benner, when energy is added to organic chemicals, what do they form?
3. TRUE or FALSE: Water helps build the complex molecules needed for life.
Explain:
4. Explain the "water paradox" for origin-of-life research:
5. Why is it significant that Steven Benner (a secular scientist, not a creationist) admits life from a "prebiotic soup" is impossible?
Close this workbook. Write everything you remember about hydrolysis and the "asphalt problem."
Key points I missed:
Explain to someone why water is both essential for life AND destructive to life's building blocks.
Person I taught: Date:
Their response:
"For this they willingly are ignorant of, that by the word of Elohim the heavens were of old, and the earth standing out of the water and in the water."
Write from memory:
What I did:
Evolutionists once believed life began with a "simple cell" that gradually became more complex. Modern molecular biology has destroyed this idea. Even the simplest known free-living organism is staggeringly complex.
The smallest known organism capable of independent life has:
Scientists at the J. Craig Venter Institute attempted to create the simplest possible cell. Even with unlimited resources and intelligent design, they could not reduce below:
1. How many base pairs of DNA does the simplest known free-living organism have?
2. The 2016 synthetic minimal cell (JCVI-syn3.0) required a minimum of how many genes?
3. What percentage of the essential genes in the minimal cell have functions that scientists cannot explain?
4. Why is the existence of a "minimum genome" a problem for evolutionary theory?
5. TRUE or FALSE: Scientists fully understand why all 473 genes are essential for the minimal cell.
If intelligent scientists with unlimited resources cannot create life simpler than 473 genes, what does this tell us about the probability of life arising by chance? Explain your reasoning.
Close this workbook. Write what you remember about the minimum complexity of life and what JCVI-syn3.0 proved.
Explain to someone why the JCVI-syn3.0 experiment actually supports creation, not evolution.
Person I taught: Date:
Their response:
"I will praise You; for I am fearfully and wonderfully made: marvellous are Your works; and that my soul knows right well."
Write from memory:
What I did:
Before examining protein probability, we must understand what "impossible" means mathematically.
Any event with probability less than 1 in 10^150 cannot be attributed to chance - there simply haven't been enough opportunities in cosmic history.
Douglas Axe (Cambridge PhD, molecular biology) published research in the Journal of Molecular Biology (2004) calculating the probability of obtaining a single functional protein:
1. What is the universal probability bound?
2. According to Douglas Axe's research, what is the probability of obtaining one functional protein of 150 amino acids?
3. A minimal cell requires approximately how many proteins working together?
4. Why is the universal probability bound significant for evaluating claims about chance processes?
5. TRUE or FALSE: The probability calculations for functional proteins come only from creationist sources.
Scenario: Someone says, "Given enough time, anything is possible." Using what you learned about probability, explain why this statement is mathematically false.
Close this workbook. Write the key probability numbers: the universal probability bound and the probability of a single protein forming by chance.
Explain to someone what 10^164 means and why it proves evolution is mathematically impossible.
Person I taught: Date:
Their response:
"For since the creation of the world His invisible attributes are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even His eternal power and divinity."
Write from memory:
What I did:
In 1953, Stanley Miller and Harold Urey conducted an experiment that has been celebrated in textbooks for decades. They attempted to simulate early Earth conditions to show that life's building blocks could form naturally.
James Kasting (NASA) determined that early Earth's atmosphere was dominated by water vapor and CO2 from volcanic outgassing - NOT the methane and ammonia Miller used.
This is evidence FOR intelligent design, not against it!
1. How many of the 20 biological amino acids did the Miller-Urey experiment produce?
2. The amino acids produced were in what type of mixture?
3. According to NASA, how does the early Earth atmosphere compare to Miller's simulation?
4. List three ways the Miller-Urey experiment actually demonstrates intelligent design rather than chance:
5. Why are racemic mixtures of amino acids unusable by living things?
Close this workbook. Write everything you remember about the Miller-Urey experiment and its failures.
Explain why the Miller-Urey experiment actually disproves naturalistic origins rather than supports them.
Person I taught: Date:
"For by Him were all things created, that are in heaven, and that are in earth, visible and invisible."
Chirality refers to the "handedness" of molecules. Like your left and right hands, chiral molecules are mirror images that cannot be superimposed on each other.
A single right-handed amino acid inserted into a protein chain can cause it to fold incorrectly and lose function. Life requires 100% purity - something natural chemistry never produces.
1. What handedness are ALL amino acids in proteins?
2. What handedness are ALL sugars in DNA and RNA?
3. What type of mixture does natural chemistry produce?
4. A 2021 scientific journal called the origin of single chirality "one of the most _______ mysteries."
5. Explain why the chirality problem is devastating for naturalistic origin-of-life theories:
Close this workbook. Write what you remember about chirality, left/right-handed molecules, and why this matters.
Using your hands as an analogy, explain chirality to someone who has never heard of it.
Person I taught: Date:
"I have made the earth, and created man upon it: I, even My hands, have stretched out the heavens, and all their host have I commanded."
Modern molecular biology has revealed a fundamental problem: the essential components of life are interdependent. Neither can exist without the other.
To escape this dilemma, some scientists proposed that RNA came first, since RNA can both store information AND perform some catalysis. However:
1. DNA cannot replicate without which essential component?
2. Proteins cannot be produced without:
3. The proposed solution to the chicken-and-egg problem is called:
4. Harold Bernhardt described the RNA World Hypothesis as "the _______ theory... except for all the others."
5. Explain why the interdependence of DNA and proteins creates an unsolvable problem for naturalistic origins:
Close this workbook. Write the chicken-and-egg problem: What does DNA need? What do proteins need?
Explain why neither DNA nor proteins could have come first without the other.
Person I taught: Date:
"In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with Elohim, and the Word was Elohim... All things were made by Him."
DNA is not merely a chemical - it is a coded information system. This distinction is crucial.
DNA functions as a language with grammar, syntax, and meaning. It uses a four-letter alphabet (A, T, G, C) arranged in three-letter "words" (codons) that specify amino acids.
Scientists claimed to create "synthetic life," but what actually happened?
1. How many base pairs are in the human genome?
2. All known codes come from what type of source?
3. Craig Venter's "synthetic life" project cost approximately:
4. TRUE or FALSE: Venter's team created life completely from non-living chemicals.
Explain what they actually did:
5. Why does the existence of coded information in DNA point to intelligent design?
Close this workbook. Write what you remember about DNA as information: base pairs, codes, and what all codes require.
Explain to someone why DNA being a "code" proves it came from intelligence.
Person I taught: Date:
"The heavens declare the glory of El; and the firmament shows His handiwork."
Evolution requires beneficial mutations to accumulate, creating new information and complexity. But what does the evidence actually show?
1. How many new mutations does each human acquire per generation?
2. Most mutations are:
3. According to the evidence, the human genome is:
4. Evolution predicts genomes should be improving, but genetic entropy shows they are degrading. Explain why this is a problem for evolutionary theory:
5. How does genetic entropy align with the biblical account of creation and the curse?
Close this workbook. Write the key facts about genetic entropy: mutations per generation, types of mutations, and what direction genomes are going.
Explain to someone why mutations destroy evolution: they should add information, but actually lose it.
Person I taught: Date:
"For we know that the whole creation groans and travails in pain together until now."
The fossil record reveals something evolution cannot explain: the sudden appearance of nearly all animal body plans in a geological instant.
1. The Cambrian Explosion occurred in what percentage of the fossil record?
2. Francis Crick (DNA co-discoverer) said the origin of life appears to be almost a:
3. Harold Urey (Miller-Urey co-author) admitted that belief in spontaneous origin of life is:
4. Eugene Koonin (NCBI) described the origin of life field as:
5. Why is it significant that these admissions come from secular scientists, not creationists?
An evolutionist says: "The Cambrian Explosion just shows evolution happened quickly under certain conditions."
Your Challenge: Explain why this response fails to address the evidence.
Close this workbook. Write the scientist quotes you remember - who said what about evolution's problems?
Explain to someone how secular scientists themselves admit evolution has fatal problems.
Person I taught: Date:
"For the wrath of Elohim is revealed from heaven against all wickedness and unrighteousness of men, who suppress the truth in unrighteousness."
The Big Bang theory claims the entire universe began from a singularity (a point of infinite density) that exploded and eventually formed galaxies, stars, and planets. This is presented as established fact, but there are serious scientific problems.
The Big Bang doesn't explain the origin of the singularity. It simply assumes matter/energy existed. But something cannot come from nothing without a cause - this violates the law of causality.
The universe's temperature is remarkably uniform in all directions. But opposite sides of the universe are too far apart for light (or heat) to have traveled between them since the supposed Big Bang. How did they reach the same temperature?
If the Big Bang created matter, it should have created equal amounts of antimatter. When matter and antimatter meet, they annihilate each other. The universe should have destroyed itself - yet here we are. Where did the antimatter go?
After the Big Bang's expansion, matter should be evenly spread out. For galaxies to form, matter must clump together. But expansion pushes matter apart. Evolutionists invoke "dark matter" (never observed) to explain this.
Evolutionists use radiometric dating to claim the earth is 4.5 billion years old. But these methods are built on three unprovable assumptions:
| Sample | Known Age | Radiometric Date | Error |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mt. St. Helens lava (1980) | ~10 years | 350,000 - 2.8 million years | Massively wrong |
| Hawaiian lava (1801) | ~200 years | 1.6 - 2.96 billion years | Massively wrong |
| Mt. Ngauruhoe, NZ (1954) | ~50 years | Up to 3.5 million years | Massively wrong |
Source: Austin, S., "Excess Argon within Mineral Concentrates from the New Dacite Lava Dome at Mount St. Helens," Creation Ex Nihilo Technical Journal, 1996
1. What is the "horizon problem" for the Big Bang?
2. If the Big Bang created equal matter and antimatter, what should have happened?
3. Radiometric dating requires which of these ASSUMPTIONS?
4. TRUE or FALSE: Radiometric dating has accurately dated rocks of known age.
5. Why is the Mt. St. Helens dating failure significant for evolutionary timescales?
An evolutionist says: "Radiometric dating is the most reliable method we have - it's been proven accurate."
Your Challenge: Explain the three assumptions required and cite real examples where the method failed on rocks of known age.
Close this workbook. Write the three assumptions of radiometric dating and two examples where it failed.
Explain to someone why "millions of years" can't be proven by radiometric dating.
Person I taught: Date:
"For in six days Yahuah made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day."
You've probably heard: "Humans and chimps share 98-99% of their DNA, proving common ancestry." This claim is repeated constantly - but it's scientifically misleading.
The 1975 study by King and Wilson only compared protein-coding genes (~1.5% of the genome). The other 98.5% of the genome wasn't compared at all!
When the FULL genomes are compared (not just selected regions), the similarity drops dramatically:
Even if 98% were true:
For decades, evolutionists called ~98% of human DNA "junk" - leftover garbage from millions of years of evolution. This prediction has been spectacularly wrong.
Every genome contains thousands of "orphan genes" - genes with no evolutionary ancestors. They appear unique to each species with no homologs in other species.
1. The original 1975 human-chimp comparison only examined what percentage of the genome?
2. According to Dr. Jeffrey Tomkins' full-genome analysis, human-chimp similarity is approximately:
3. The ENCODE project found that at least what percentage of the genome is biochemically active?
4. What are "orphan genes" and why are they a problem for evolution?
5. TRUE or FALSE: The "junk DNA" prediction of evolution was confirmed by modern research.
An evolutionist says: "We share 98% of our DNA with chimps, proving we evolved from a common ancestor."
Your Challenge: Respond with:
Based on everything you've learned in this workbook (all 12 lessons), write a summary explaining why evolution contradicts scientific evidence and why creation is the better explanation:
Close this workbook. Write what you remember about Human-Chimp DNA similarity and "junk DNA" - what does the evidence actually show?
Explain to someone why the "98% similar to chimps" claim is misleading and what the ENCODE project discovered.
Person I taught: Date:
"So Elohim created man in His own image, in the image of Elohim created He him; male and female created He them."
Research shows that reviewing material at spaced intervals dramatically improves long-term retention. After completing each lesson, review it at these intervals:
| Lesson | Completed | Day 1 | Day 3 | Day 7 | Day 21 | Day 60 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Law of Biogenesis | ||||||
| 2. Hydrolysis & Asphalt | ||||||
| 3. Minimum Complexity | ||||||
| 4. Probability Math | ||||||
| 5. Miller-Urey Experiment | ||||||
| 6. Chirality Problem | ||||||
| 7. Chicken-and-Egg | ||||||
| 8. DNA Information | ||||||
| 9. Genetic Entropy | ||||||
| 10. Cambrian & Admissions | ||||||
| 11. Big Bang & Dating | ||||||
| 12. DNA Myths Destroyed |
For instructors and self-checking. Review after completing each lesson.
The Law of Biogenesis states that life comes only from pre-existing life. This has been confirmed billions of times without exception.
Louis Pasteur conducted the swan-neck flask experiments in 1859-1862, definitively disproving spontaneous generation.
The Law of Biogenesis has NEVER been violated in any laboratory observation. No one has ever observed life arising from non-life.
Evolution requires abiogenesis (life from non-life) to have occurred at least once. But the Law of Biogenesis, established as scientific law, states this is impossible. Evolution's foundational requirement directly contradicts established scientific law.
This is significant because it shows spontaneous generation was officially rejected by the scientific establishment over 160 years ago. Modern evolutionists who believe life arose from non-life are actually returning to a pre-scientific view that was experimentally disproven.
Hydrolysis is the chemical process where water breaks molecular bonds, destroying the very molecules needed for life.
Steven Benner stated that organic molecules given energy "don't form life. They form tar."
Water DESTROYS complex molecules through hydrolysis. The National Academy of Sciences calls water "a corrosive agent that destroys complex organic molecules."
The paradox is that water is essential for life - all living things require it. Yet water destroys the building blocks of life through hydrolysis. Life needs water to exist, but life's components cannot form in water.
Benner is a leading secular origin-of-life researcher, not a creationist. His admission cannot be dismissed as religious bias. When the experts themselves say their theory is "impossible," it carries significant weight.
Mycoplasma genitalium, the simplest known free-living organism, has 580,000 base pairs of DNA.
Even with intelligent design, scientists could not create a functioning cell with fewer than 473 genes.
28% of essential genes have functions that scientists cannot explain - they just know they're necessary.
Evolution requires a gradual pathway from simple to complex. But there is no cell simpler than ~473 genes that can survive. All 473 genes must be present simultaneously, meaning there's no simpler stepping stone for natural selection to act upon.
Scientists do NOT fully understand why all genes are essential - 28% have unknown functions.
The universal probability bound represents the maximum possible events in cosmic history.
Douglas Axe's research found that only 1 in 10^77 random sequences would produce a functional protein.
A minimal cell requires 250-500 proteins working together simultaneously.
The universal probability bound tells us the maximum number of opportunities the universe has ever provided. Events less probable than 1 in 10^150 cannot be attributed to chance - there simply haven't been enough opportunities in cosmic history.
These calculations come from peer-reviewed secular scientific journals (Journal of Molecular Biology), not creationist sources.
The experiment produced only glycine and alanine - the two simplest amino acids of the 20 needed.
All amino acids produced were racemic mixtures, which are completely unusable by life.
NASA Astrobiology states the early atmosphere "looked nothing like the Miller-Urey simulation."
1) Intelligent scientists designed the apparatus. 2) Gases were carefully selected (even if wrong). 3) Energy was precisely controlled. 4) Products were isolated before destruction. This shows intelligence was required even to produce unusable results.
Life uses exclusively left-handed amino acids. Racemic mixtures contain equal amounts of left and right-handed molecules. Even one wrong-handed amino acid can destroy protein function, so 50/50 mixtures are completely unusable.
All amino acids in proteins are exclusively left-handed (L-amino acids).
All sugars in DNA/RNA are exclusively right-handed (D-sugars).
Natural chemistry always produces racemic mixtures of equal left and right-handed molecules.
The journal called it "one of the most compelling and unresolved mysteries."
Natural chemistry only produces 50/50 mixtures, but life requires 100% purity. No natural process is known that can sort molecules by handedness. This means the homochirality of life cannot be explained by natural processes - it points to design.
DNA requires protein enzymes (specifically DNA polymerase) to replicate.
Proteins cannot be produced without the coded instructions contained in DNA.
Scientists proposed RNA came first since it can store information and perform limited catalysis.
Bernhardt called it "the worst theory... except for all the others" - meaning all options are problematic.
DNA and proteins are mutually dependent - neither can exist without the other. There's no gradual pathway because a partial system doesn't function. Both must appear simultaneously, which points to intelligent creation rather than gradual evolution.
The human genome contains approximately 3 billion base pairs.
All known codes come from intelligent sources - no exception has ever been observed.
The synthetic life project cost approximately $40 million over 15 years.
They took an existing cell, removed its DNA, and inserted designed DNA. The cell's existing machinery did the work. They didn't create life from scratch - they modified existing life using intelligent design.
DNA is a coded information system with grammar, syntax, and meaning. All known codes come from intelligent sources - this is an empirical observation, not a religious claim. Since we have no examples of codes arising naturally, the code in DNA logically points to an intelligent source.
Each human acquires approximately 100 new mutations per generation.
Most mutations are near-neutral but slightly harmful - not beneficial as evolution requires.
The evidence shows the human genome is degrading due to accumulating harmful mutations.
Evolution requires beneficial mutations to accumulate, building new information and complexity. But the evidence shows harmful mutations accumulating while selection cannot remove them fast enough. The direction is DOWN (degradation) not UP (improvement) - the opposite of evolutionary predictions.
The biblical account describes creation as originally "very good" but now subject to the curse. Genetic entropy - starting perfect and degrading - is exactly what we'd expect. Evolution predicts the opposite (starting simple, becoming complex), which contradicts the evidence.
The Cambrian Explosion occurred in only 1.7% of the supposed fossil record duration.
Crick said the origin of life "appears at the moment to be almost a miracle."
Urey admitted "We all believe as an article of faith that life evolved from dead matter."
Koonin called the origin of life field "a failure" with no "plausible coherent model."
When secular scientists - who have no religious motivation to doubt evolution - admit the theory has fundamental problems, their admissions carry special weight. They cannot be dismissed as biased creationists. Their honesty reveals that the problems with evolution are scientific, not religious.
The horizon problem shows that opposite sides of the universe have the same temperature, but are too far apart for heat exchange since the supposed Big Bang.
Matter and antimatter annihilate when they meet. If the Big Bang created equal amounts, the universe should have self-destructed.
Radiometric dating requires ALL three assumptions: known initial conditions, constant decay rates, and a closed system. None can be verified for ancient rocks.
When tested on rocks of KNOWN age (Mt. St. Helens 1980, Hawaiian lava 1801), radiometric dating gives wildly wrong ages - millions or billions of years for rocks less than 200 years old.
The Mt. St. Helens failure is devastating because we KNOW the rock is only decades old, yet radiometric dating says millions of years. If the method fails on rocks of known age, why trust it for rocks of "unknown" age? The entire evolutionary timescale is built on an unreliable foundation.
The original 1975 comparison only examined protein-coding genes, which represent ~1.5% of the genome. The other 98.5% was not compared.
Dr. Jeffrey Tomkins' full-genome analysis found ~84% similarity, not the commonly claimed 98-99%.
The ENCODE project found at least 80% of the genome is biochemically active, destroying the "junk DNA" myth.
Orphan genes are genes with no evolutionary ancestors - they appear unique to each species with no homologs in other organisms. 10-30% of any genome consists of orphan genes. They cannot be explained by gene duplication or common descent - they appear fully functional with no transitional forms, pointing to unique creation.
The "junk DNA" prediction was WRONG. Evolution predicted most DNA would be useless garbage from millions of years of mutations. The ENCODE project proved at least 80% is functional. Creation predicted purpose throughout - and was confirmed.
1. Always cite specific scientists and their admissions
2. Use numbers and data (probability bounds, percentages, dates)
3. Note when the admission comes from secular scientists (not creationists)
4. Distinguish between observation and assumption
5. Point out when evolution's predictions were WRONG (junk DNA, simple cells, etc.)
6. Connect the evidence to what Scripture teaches