THE FIXED EARTH

Scripture Study on Immovability, Foundations, and Geocentrism

TRUE SCIENCE SERIES

Comprehensive Study Guide

Review this guide thoroughly before beginning the lessons. Refer back as needed.

Complete Glossary of Key Terms

Geocentrism (Earth-centered)
The cosmological model that places the earth at the center of creation, with the sun, moon, and stars moving around it. This was the universal belief of ancient civilizations and the church for 1,500+ years.
Heliocentrism (Sun-centered)
The model that places the sun at the center, with earth and planets orbiting around it. Popularized by Copernicus in 1543 and later promoted by Galileo and Newton. Contradicts literal Scripture.
Firmament (Hebrew: רָקִיעַ raqia)
The solid dome structure above the earth described in Genesis 1:6-8. Separates the waters above from the waters below. Contains the sun, moon, and stars placed "in" it (Genesis 1:14-17).

Key Hebrew Word Studies

Hebrew Transliteration Strong's Meaning
מוֹט mot H4131 To waver, slip, shake, totter, be moved or displaced
כּוּן kun H3559 To be firm, stable, established, fixed, prepared
חוּג chug H2329 Circle, circuit, compass (FLAT circle)
דּוּר dur H1754 Ball, sphere (3D round object)
קָצֶה qatseh H7098 End, extremity, edge, border
כָּנָף kanaph H3671 Corner, wing, extremity, edge
יָסַד yasad H3245 To found, establish, lay foundation
עַמּוּד ammud H5982 Pillar, column, support structure
Critical Distinction: CHUG vs. DUR

Isaiah knew BOTH Hebrew words. In Isaiah 40:22, he chose chug (circle) to describe the earth. In Isaiah 22:18, he used dur (ball) for a sphere. If the earth were a sphere, Isaiah would have used "dur." He deliberately chose "circle."

Scripture vs. Modern Science: Complete Comparison

Topic Scripture Says Modern Science Claims
Earth's Motion Cannot be moved (Psalm 93:1, 96:10, 104:5, 1 Chron 16:30) Spins at 1,000 mph, orbits at 67,000 mph
Earth's Foundation Has foundations, pillars, cornerstone (Job 38:4-6) Floats in vacuum of space
Earth's Shape Circle (chug), has ends and corners Sphere (ball)
Sun's Motion Rises, sets, has circuit, can stand still (Josh 10:12-13) Stationary; earth rotates around it
What Moves Sun moves; earth is fixed Earth moves; sun is relatively fixed
Firmament Solid structure with lights IN it (Gen 1:14-17) Empty space; lights millions of miles away
Waters Above AND below firmament (Gen 1:7) Only below (oceans)

Key Scripture References

"Yahuah reigneth, he is clothed with majesty; Yahuah is clothed with strength, wherewith he hath girded himself: the world also is stablished, that it cannot be moved." Psalm 93:1
"Who laid the foundations of the earth, that it should not be removed for ever." Psalm 104:5
"For the pillars of the earth are Yahuah's, and he hath set the world upon them." 1 Samuel 2:8
"It is he that sitteth upon the circle of the earth, and the inhabitants thereof are as grasshoppers; that stretcheth out the heavens as a curtain, and spreadeth them out as a tent to dwell in." Isaiah 40:22
"Then spake Joshua to Yahuah... Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon; and thou, Moon, in the valley of Ajalon. And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed... So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day." Joshua 10:12-13

Protestant Reformers on Geocentrism

Martin Luther (1539):

"There is talk of a new astrologer who wants to prove that the earth moves and goes around instead of the sky, the sun, the moon... The fool wishes to reverse the entire science of astronomy; but sacred Scripture tells us that Joshua commanded the sun to stand still, and not the earth."

John Calvin:

Upheld the literal interpretation of Scripture regarding cosmology, including the fixed earth. Taught that the earth was established on foundations.

John Wesley (18th century):

Expressed skepticism about the heliocentric model based on the testimony of Scripture.

Timeline: The Rise of Heliocentrism

Year Event Significance
Creation - 1543 CE Universal geocentrism All civilizations believed earth was fixed, central
1543 Copernicus publishes model Catholic canon; published posthumously
1610 Galileo's telescope observations Saw moons of Jupiter, phases of Venus
1616, 1633 Galileo condemned For contradicting Scripture, not science
1687 Newton's Principia Invented "gravity" to explain heliocentric model
1905, 1915 Einstein's Relativity Invented to explain why earth's motion undetectable
1958-Present Space Age CGI images and composite "photos" of globe
The Central Question:

Modern science teaches the earth rotates at 1,000 mph, orbits the sun at 67,000 mph, and travels through the galaxy at 500,000+ mph. Scripture repeatedly declares the earth does NOT move. Will you believe the Word of Yahuah, or the theories of men?

Study Tips

  1. Scripture First: Always compare claims against the Word. Yahuah cannot lie.
  2. Hebrew Words Matter: Study the original language - many translations obscure meaning.
  3. Question Everything: Don't accept "science" uncritically. Test claims against Scripture AND observation.
  4. Trust Yahuah: He created the heavens and earth. He knows what He made.
  5. Don't Fear Man: Being ridiculed for believing Scripture is a badge of honor.

Our Approach

This workbook is NOT dogmatic. We present what Scripture literally says. We examine Hebrew word meanings. We let YOU decide whom to trust - Yahuah or men. We do not demand you reach specific conclusions. We demand you honestly engage with Scripture.

Lesson 1: The Earth Cannot Be Moved

"The world also is stablished, that it cannot be moved." Psalm 93:1

Scripture declares - not once, not twice, but FOUR separate times - that the earth cannot be moved. This lesson examines each passage and the Hebrew words used to describe the earth's immovability.

Four Declarations of Immovability

Scripture Statement
Psalm 93:1 "The world also is stablished, that it cannot be moved."
Psalm 96:10 "The world also shall be established that it shall not be moved."
1 Chronicles 16:30 "The world also shall be stable, that it be not moved."
Psalm 104:5 "Who laid the foundations of the earth, that it should not be removed for ever."

Hebrew Word Study

מוֹט (mot) - Strong's H4131

Definition: To waver, slip, shake, totter, be moved, be displaced

Usage: Describes shaking, falling, slipping from position

Scripture declares: The earth will NOT do this

כּוּן (kun) - Strong's H3559

Definition: To be firm, stable, established, fixed, prepared

Usage: Describes things that are secure, immovable, permanent

Scripture declares: The earth IS this

Context: These Are Factual Statements

Some claim these are "just poetry." But notice the context of each passage:

These are not "poetic metaphors." They are declarative statements about reality within passages describing Yahuah's actual creative work.

Critical Question: If the earth spins at 1,000 mph, orbits at 67,000 mph, and travels through the galaxy at 500,000+ mph, is it "stable" and "unmoved"? Why would Yahuah use such definitive language if He meant the opposite?

Lesson 1 Exercises

Multiple Choice

1. How many separate Scripture passages declare that the earth cannot be moved?

2. The Hebrew word "mot" (H4131) means:

3. According to modern science, the earth:

4. The Hebrew word "kun" (H3559) means:

True or False (Identify and Correct Errors)

If false, correction:

If false, correction:

Discussion Questions

1. Why would Yahuah use such definitive language ("cannot be moved," "shall not be moved," "not be removed forever") if He meant the earth was actually moving at hundreds of thousands of miles per hour?

2. If these passages are "just poetry" or "metaphors," what would they be metaphors FOR? What truth would "the earth cannot be moved" symbolize if it's not literally true?

Application Scenario

A friend says: "Those verses about the earth not being moved are just ancient poetry. They didn't understand science back then." How would you respond using what you've learned about the Hebrew words and the context of these passages?

Lesson 2: The Foundations of the Earth

"Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth? declare, if thou hast understanding." Job 38:4

Scripture consistently describes the earth using construction terminology - foundations, measures, lines, cornerstones, fastened. This is the language of architecture, not random cosmic accident.

Job 38:4-6 - Construction Language

Term Meaning Implication
"Laid the foundations" Like laying a building foundation Fixed, stable base
"Laid the measures" Measured dimensions (architect's work) Intentional design
"Stretched the line" Surveyor's line for straight building Precision construction
"Foundations fastened" Anchored, secured in place Immovable structure
"Corner stone" Foundational stone anchoring structure Fixed reference point

Additional Foundation Scriptures

"Of old hast thou laid the foundation of the earth: and the heavens are the work of thy hands." Psalm 102:25
"Mine hand also hath laid the foundation of the earth, and my right hand hath spanned the heavens." Isaiah 48:13
"The burden of the word of Yahuah for Israel, saith Yahuah, which stretcheth forth the heavens, and layeth the foundation of the earth, and formeth the spirit of man within him." Zechariah 12:1
Critical Question: Would you describe a ball spinning through a vacuum at hundreds of thousands of miles per hour using the words "foundations, measures, line, cornerstone, fastened"? This is building language for a FIXED STRUCTURE.

Lesson 2 Exercises

Multiple Choice

1. In Job 38:4-6, Yahuah describes creating the earth using:

2. According to Job 38:6, the foundations of the earth are:

3. A "cornerstone" in construction is:

Matching - Connect Terms to Meanings

Match each Job 38 term with its construction meaning:

A. Foundations
B. Line
C. Measures
D. Cornerstone

True or False

Discussion

Can a ball spinning through space have "fastened foundations" and a "cornerstone"? Why or why not? What kind of structure does Job 38 actually describe?

Lesson 3: The Pillars of the Earth

"For the pillars of the earth are Yahuah's, and he hath set the world upon them." 1 Samuel 2:8

In addition to foundations, Scripture describes the earth as resting on PILLARS. Pillars are support structures - they hold something up. A ball floating in space needs no pillars.

Pillar Scriptures

"He raiseth up the poor out of the dust, and lifteth up the beggar from the dunghill, to set them among princes, and to make them inherit the throne of glory: for the pillars of the earth are Yahuah's, and he hath set the world upon them." 1 Samuel 2:8
"Which shaketh the earth out of her place, and the pillars thereof tremble." Job 9:6
"The earth and all the inhabitants thereof are dissolved: I bear up the pillars of it. Selah." Psalm 75:3

What Pillars Teach Us

Scripture Teaching
1 Samuel 2:8 The world is SET UPON pillars - pillars support from below
Job 9:6 The pillars TREMBLE when Yahuah shakes the earth (earthquakes)
Psalm 75:3 Yahuah BEARS UP the pillars - He actively supports them
Key Question: What do pillars do? They support and hold up a structure from below. Why would a ball floating in a vacuum need pillars? The very concept of "pillars" implies a fixed, supported structure - not a free-floating sphere.

Lesson 3 Exercises

Multiple Choice

1. According to 1 Samuel 2:8, Yahuah has set the world:

2. According to Job 9:6, what happens to the pillars when Yahuah shakes the earth?

3. In Psalm 75:3, who bears up (supports) the pillars of the earth?

4. The function of a pillar in architecture is to:

True or False

If false, explain:

Discussion

If the earth has foundations, pillars, and a cornerstone, what kind of structure is being described? Compare this to the globe model of a ball floating in space. Which matches Scripture?

Lesson 4: Circle vs. Sphere - The CHUG/DUR Distinction

"It is he that sitteth upon the circle of the earth, and the inhabitants thereof are as grasshoppers." Isaiah 40:22

Isaiah 40:22 is often cited as proof the earth is a sphere. But does the Hebrew actually say "sphere"? Let's examine the original language carefully.

Hebrew Word Comparison

CHUG (חוּג) - Circle

Strong's H2329

  • Circle, circuit, compass
  • A FLAT, round shape
  • Like what a compass draws
  • 2D circular outline

Used in Isaiah 40:22

DUR (דּוּר) - Ball

Strong's H1754

  • Ball, sphere
  • A 3D round object
  • Like a ball you throw
  • Solid spherical shape

Used in Isaiah 22:18

Isaiah Knew Both Words!

"He will surely violently turn and toss thee like a BALL [dur] into a large country." Isaiah 22:18

Isaiah used "dur" (ball) in chapter 22. He KNEW the Hebrew word for sphere/ball. But in chapter 40, describing the earth, he chose "chug" (circle). If he meant sphere, he would have used "dur."

Other Uses of CHUG

"Thick clouds are a covering to him, that he seeth not; and he walketh in the circuit [chug] of heaven." Job 22:14
"When he prepared the heavens, I was there: when he set a compass [chug] upon the face of the depth." Proverbs 8:27

"Chug" describes a circuit, a compass circle, a flat circular boundary - never a sphere.

What Isaiah 40:22 Actually Describes

Phrase Description
"Circle of the earth" A flat, circular plane (like a compass face)
"Stretcheth out the heavens as a curtain" The firmament stretched above the earth
"Spreadeth them out as a tent" A dome structure covering the circular earth
The Picture: Isaiah 40:22 describes a flat, circular earth with a dome (firmament) stretched over it like a tent. Yahuah sits ABOVE this structure, looking down. The inhabitants look like grasshoppers from His perspective above.

Lesson 4 Exercises

Multiple Choice

1. The Hebrew word "chug" (H2329) means:

2. The Hebrew word "dur" (H1754) means:

3. In Isaiah 40:22, Isaiah used which Hebrew word for the earth's shape?

4. In Isaiah 22:18, Isaiah used which Hebrew word for "ball"?

5. According to Isaiah 40:22, the heavens are spread out like a:

True or False

If false, explain:

If false, what word does it use?

Discussion

If Isaiah wanted to say "sphere" or "ball," what word would he have used? Why did he choose "circle" (chug) instead? What does this tell us about the earth's actual shape according to Scripture?

Lesson 5: The Sun Moves, Not the Earth

"Then spake Joshua to Yahuah... Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon; and thou, Moon, in the valley of Ajalon. And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed." Joshua 10:12-13

If the earth is fixed and immovable, what accounts for day and night? Scripture is clear: THE SUN MOVES. Multiple passages describe the sun rising, setting, having a circuit, and even standing still at Joshua's command.

Joshua's Long Day

In Joshua 10:12-13, we read the most dramatic evidence:

The Physics Problem: If the earth actually rotates at 1,000 mph and suddenly stopped:
  • Everything not bolted down would fly off at 1,000 mph
  • Oceans would wash over continents
  • Atmosphere would keep moving, creating supersonic winds
  • Total planetary destruction would occur

But Joshua's account shows an ordinary day extended - no catastrophe. The SUN stopped, not the earth.

More Sun Movement Scriptures

"The sun also ariseth, and the sun goeth down, and hasteth to his place where he arose." Ecclesiastes 1:5
"In them hath he set a tabernacle for the sun, Which is as a bridegroom coming out of his chamber, and rejoiceth as a strong man to run a race. His going forth is from the end of the heaven, and his circuit unto the ends of it." Psalm 19:4-6
"Behold, I will bring again the shadow of the degrees, which is gone down in the sun dial of Ahaz, ten degrees backward. So the sun returned ten degrees." Isaiah 38:8

The Sun Has:

Attribute Scripture Implication
A tabernacle (dwelling) Psalm 19:4 The sun has a place it resides
A circuit (path) Psalm 19:6 The sun travels a specific route
A place where it arose Ecclesiastes 1:5 The sun returns to its starting point
The ability to stand still Joshua 10:13 The sun normally moves and can stop
The ability to return backward Isaiah 38:8 The sun can reverse direction

Lesson 5 Exercises

Multiple Choice

1. In Joshua 10:12, Joshua commanded what to stand still?

2. According to Psalm 19:6, the sun has a:

3. In Isaiah 38:8, what happened to the sun?

4. According to Ecclesiastes 1:5, the sun:

True or False

If false, what did Joshua command?

Discussion

If it was really earth's rotation that stopped in Joshua 10, why didn't Joshua command the earth? Could Yahuah have written "Earth, stop rotating" if that's what happened? Why does Scripture consistently say the SUN moves?

Lesson 6: The Ends and Four Corners of the Earth

"For he looketh to the ends of the earth, and seeth under the whole heaven." Job 28:24

Scripture repeatedly describes the earth as having "ends" and "four corners." A sphere has neither ends nor corners. These descriptions only make sense for a flat, bounded structure.

The Ends of the Earth (30+ References)

Scripture Reference to "Ends"
Job 28:24 "He looketh to the ends of the earth"
Job 37:3 "His lightning unto the ends of the earth"
Job 38:13 "Take hold of the ends of the earth"
Isaiah 40:28 "The Creator of the ends of the earth"
Isaiah 41:5,9 "The ends of the earth were afraid... from the ends of the earth"
Jeremiah 16:19 "The Gentiles shall come from the ends of the earth"

קָצֶה (qatseh) - Strong's H7098

Definition: End, extremity, edge, border

Usage: Describes the outer boundary or edge of something

A sphere has NO ends - you can travel forever and never reach an edge

The Four Corners of the Earth

"And he shall set up an ensign for the nations, and shall assemble the outcasts of Israel, and gather together the dispersed of Judah from the four corners of the earth." Isaiah 11:12
"And after these things I saw four angels standing on the four corners of the earth, holding the four winds of the earth." Revelation 7:1

כָּנָף (kanaph) - Strong's H3671

Definition: Corner, wing, extremity, edge

A sphere has ZERO corners - where would four angels stand on a ball?

Critical Questions:
  • Does a sphere have ends? (No)
  • How many corners does a sphere have? (Zero)
  • Can you "take hold" of the ends of a ball? (No)
  • Where would four angels stand on a sphere? (Nowhere)

Lesson 6 Exercises

Multiple Choice

1. The phrase "ends of the earth" appears in Scripture approximately:

2. The Hebrew word "qatseh" (H7098) means:

3. According to Revelation 7:1, how many angels stand on the corners of the earth?

4. How many corners does a sphere have?

True or False

If false, correction:

Discussion

Why would Scripture repeatedly use "ends" and "corners" for something that has neither? Are these all metaphors? If so, metaphors for WHAT?

Lesson 7: The History of Heliocentrism

The heliocentric (sun-centered) model is not ancient truth finally discovered. It's a relatively recent theory that contradicts thousands of years of human observation and Scriptural testimony.

Timeline: From Geocentrism to Heliocentrism

Period Belief Details
Creation - 1543 CE Universal Geocentrism All civilizations, all religions, all philosophers believed the earth was fixed and central
1543 Copernicus publishes model Catholic canon; published posthumously; met with skepticism
1539 Luther rejects Copernicus "The fool wishes to reverse the entire science of astronomy"
1610 Galileo's observations Telescope observations of Jupiter's moons, Venus phases
1616, 1633 Galileo condemned For contradicting Scripture and church doctrine
1687 Newton's Principia Invents "gravity" theory to explain heliocentric model
1905, 1915 Einstein's Relativity Invented to explain why earth's motion is undetectable

What the Protestant Reformers Said

Martin Luther (1539):

"There is talk of a new astrologer who wants to prove that the earth moves and goes around instead of the sky, the sun, the moon... The fool wishes to reverse the entire science of astronomy; but sacred Scripture tells us that Joshua commanded the sun to stand still, and not the earth."

John Calvin:

Strongly upheld the literal interpretation of Scripture regarding cosmology. Taught the fixed earth based on Scriptural testimony.

Key Historical Points

The Michelson-Morley Experiment (1887):

This famous experiment attempted to detect the earth's motion through space by measuring the "ether wind" that should exist if the earth is moving. Result: NO MOTION DETECTED. Einstein invented Special Relativity specifically to explain away this null result. The simplest explanation? The earth isn't moving.

Lesson 7 Exercises

Multiple Choice

1. Copernicus published his heliocentric model in:

2. Martin Luther rejected Copernicus because:

3. The Michelson-Morley experiment attempted to detect:

4. The result of the Michelson-Morley experiment was:

True or False

If false, correction:

Discussion

Why do you think heliocentrism eventually replaced geocentrism despite Scripture's clear testimony and the lack of experimental proof of earth's motion? What role might spiritual deception play?

Lesson 8: Answering Common Objections

When you share the Biblical cosmology, you will face objections. This lesson equips you to respond with Scripture and reason.

Objection 1: "Those are just figures of speech"

Response:
  • Which ones? ALL of them?
  • Foundations, pillars, cornerstone, ends, corners - ALL figures of speech?
  • Why would Yahuah use ONLY language that contradicts reality?
  • If He wanted to describe a ball, He could have (using "dur")
  • Scripture is consistent across books and authors over thousands of years

Objection 2: "The Bible isn't a science book"

Response:
  • No, but when it describes creation, it's accurate
  • Either Yahuah told the truth about what He made, or He didn't
  • 2 Timothy 3:16 - ALL Scripture is inspired
  • If Scripture is wrong about the earth, can we trust it about salvation?

Objection 3: "We have photos from space"

Response:
  • All "photos" are composites (NASA admits this)
  • CGI and "artist renderings"
  • Different "photos" show vastly different Earth sizes
  • Continents change shape between images
  • No continuous video of rotating earth exists

Objection 4: "What about ships disappearing over the horizon?"

Response:
  • Zoom in with a camera or telescope - the ship reappears
  • This is a perspective/vanishing point phenomenon, not curvature
  • If it were curvature, zooming in wouldn't bring the ship back

Objection 5: "What about gravity?"

Response:
  • "Gravity" is a theory invented to explain the heliocentric model
  • No one has ever proven what gravity actually IS
  • Density and buoyancy explain why things fall without needing "gravity"
  • Heavy things sink, light things rise - observable, testable, no invisible force needed

Lesson 8 Exercises

Multiple Choice

1. According to 2 Timothy 3:16, how much Scripture is inspired?

2. NASA admits their Earth images are:

3. If a ship "disappearing" over the horizon is due to curvature, what should happen when you zoom in?

True or False

Application Scenario

Someone tells you: "The Bible isn't a science textbook, so we can't take its descriptions of the earth literally." Write out your response:

Lesson 9: Spiritual Implications & Commitment

"Yea, let Elohim be true, but every man a liar." Romans 3:4

Why does it matter whether the earth moves or not? This is not merely an academic question - it has profound spiritual implications.

1. Trust in Scripture

If Scripture is wrong about the earth's immovability, what else is it wrong about?

Either Scripture is true in ALL things, or it cannot be trusted in ANY things.

2. The Nature of Yahuah's Creation

Fixed Earth Declares:

  • Yahuah's power and craftsmanship
  • Intentional, purposeful design
  • Earth as the center of creation
  • Man as the focus of Yahuah's love
  • The firmament above with the throne

Globe Model Teaches:

  • Random cosmic accident
  • Meaningless chance
  • Earth as an insignificant speck
  • Man as an accident on a random planet
  • Empty space above with nothing special

3. The Great Deception

Consider This:

If they can deceive you about the very ground under your feet, they can deceive you about ANYTHING.

The heliocentric lie:

  • Removes Yahuah from His creation
  • Makes man insignificant in a vast cosmos
  • Hides the firmament (and the throne above it)
  • Replaces Scripture with "science"
  • Opens the door to evolution, aliens, and other deceptions

This is spiritual warfare.

Personal Reflection

1. What did you believe about the earth before this study?

2. Which Scripture impacted you most? Why?

3. Is it difficult to believe Scripture over what you were taught in school?

4. Who will you trust: Yahuah or scientists?

Personal Commitment

Having studied the Scriptures about the earth, mark which statements you believe:

Signature: Date:

"Every word of Eloah is pure: he is a shield unto them that put their trust in him. Add thou not unto his words, lest he reprove thee, and thou be found a liar." Proverbs 30:5-6

Answer Key

Lesson 1: The Earth Cannot Be Moved

Multiple Choice: 1-c (Four), 2-b, 3-b, 4-b
True/False: 1-False (It says CANNOT be moved), 2-True, 3-False (Four passages), 4-True

Lesson 2: The Foundations of the Earth

Multiple Choice: 1-b, 2-b, 3-b
Matching: A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
True/False: 1-False (construction terminology), 2-True, 3-False (a spinning ball needs no cornerstone)

Lesson 3: The Pillars of the Earth

Multiple Choice: 1-b, 2-b, 3-c, 4-b
True/False: 1-True, 2-False (a ball in space needs no pillars), 3-True

Lesson 4: Circle vs. Sphere

Multiple Choice: 1-b, 2-b, 3-b, 4-b, 5-b
True/False: 1-False (different words with different meanings), 2-False (uses chug/circle), 3-True, 4-True

Lesson 5: The Sun Moves

Multiple Choice: 1-b, 2-b, 3-c, 4-b
True/False: 1-False (commanded the SUN), 2-True, 3-False (catastrophic consequences would occur), 4-True

Lesson 6: Ends and Corners

Multiple Choice: 1-c, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
True/False: 1-False (sphere has neither), 2-True, 3-False (appears 30+ times)

Lesson 7: History of Heliocentrism

Multiple Choice: 1-b, 2-b, 3-b, 4-b
True/False: 1-False (only ~500 years old), 2-False (they rejected it), 3-True

Lesson 8: Answering Objections

Multiple Choice: 1-b, 2-b, 3-b (if curvature, zoom wouldn't bring it back - but it does!)
True/False: 1-False (composites), 2-True

Sample Discussion Responses

L1 Discussion - Why definitive language? Sample: If Yahuah meant the earth was moving at hundreds of thousands of mph, using words like "cannot be moved" and "shall not be moved forever" would be deceptive. Yahuah cannot lie (Numbers 23:19). He used clear, definitive language because He meant exactly what He said - the earth is fixed and immovable.
L4 Discussion - Why chug not dur? Sample: Isaiah knew both Hebrew words. He used "dur" for ball in chapter 22 and "chug" for circle in chapter 40. If the earth were a sphere, he would have used "dur." He deliberately chose "chug" (circle) because the earth is a flat, circular plane, not a ball. This is intentional word choice by an inspired author.
L5 Discussion - Why Joshua commanded the sun? Sample: If the heliocentric model were true, Yahuah would have recorded Joshua commanding the earth to stop rotating. Instead, Scripture says Joshua commanded the SUN to stand still, and the SUN stood still. Yahuah is capable of accurately recording His own miracles. The simplest explanation: the sun actually moves, and it stopped moving at Joshua's command.