TRUE SCIENCE

End-of-Unit Assessment

TRUTH CARRIERS EDUCATION SYSTEM

50 Questions | All True Science Topics

INSTRUCTIONS

Student Name:

Date:

Time Allowed: 60-90 minutes

Total Points: 100 (2 points each)

Directions:

SCORE: ______ / 100

90-100 = Excellent | 80-89 = Good | 70-79 = Satisfactory | Below 70 = Review Needed

SECTION A: EVOLUTION REFUTATION (Questions 1-10)
1. The Law of Biogenesis states that:

A) Life can arise spontaneously from non-living matter

B) Life comes only from pre-existing life

C) Life evolved from simple to complex forms

D) Life can be created in a laboratory

2. Louis Pasteur's swan-neck flask experiment proved that:

A) Spontaneous generation is true

B) Life can come from non-life under the right conditions

C) Spontaneous generation is false; life only comes from life

D) Evolution is a proven fact

3. TRUE or FALSE: The Miller-Urey experiment (1952) successfully created living cells from simple chemicals.
4. The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that in isolated systems, entropy (disorder) tends to:

A) Decrease over time

B) Increase over time

C) Stay exactly the same

D) Create new information

5. Fill in the blank: The simplest known free-living organism (Mycoplasma genitalium) requires approximately essential genes to survive, demonstrating "minimum complexity."
6. "Irreducible complexity" refers to:

A) Systems that are too simple to study

B) Systems that require all parts to function; removing one part stops the system

C) Systems that evolved gradually

D) Systems that can be reduced to simpler forms

7. TRUE or FALSE: Mutations consistently add new, beneficial genetic information that could drive molecules-to-man evolution.
8. The "Cambrian Explosion" refers to:

A) A gradual evolution of life forms over millions of years

B) The sudden appearance of most major animal phyla in the fossil record without ancestors

C) An ancient volcanic explosion

D) The extinction of the dinosaurs

9. Fill in the blank: According to Information Theory, random processes cannot create new ; information always requires an intelligent source.
10. TRUE or FALSE: Abiogenesis (life from non-life) has been observed and replicated in laboratory conditions.
SECTION B: CARBON DATING CRITIQUE (Questions 11-20)
11. Carbon-14 dating works on:

A) Rocks and minerals

B) Organic (once-living) materials only

C) Metals

D) Any material

12. Fill in the blank: The half-life of Carbon-14 is approximately years.
13. Which is NOT one of the three core assumptions of radiocarbon dating?

A) The initial C14 ratio is known

B) The decay rate has always been constant

C) No carbon was added or removed (closed system)

D) The Earth is billions of years old

14. TRUE or FALSE: Living freshwater snails have been dated at over 20,000 years old due to reservoir effects.
15. The "Suess Effect" refers to:

A) Nuclear testing increasing atmospheric C14

B) Fossil fuel burning diluting atmospheric C14

C) Solar activity affecting C14

D) Ocean currents carrying old carbon

16. Fill in the blank: The practical age limit for C14 dating is approximately years because the signal approaches background noise.
17. Modern carbon contamination (1%) in an "infinitely old" sample would make it appear to be about:

A) 100 years old

B) 3,700 years old

C) 37,000 years old

D) Still infinitely old

18. TRUE or FALSE: Detectable C14 has been found in coal and diamonds claimed to be millions of years old.
19. The Genesis Flood would affect C14 dating because:

A) It buried massive amounts of carbon, changing the C14/C12 ratio

B) It released volcanic carbon with no C14

C) Pre-Flood C14 levels were likely lower

D) All of the above

20. Fill in the blank: When evaluating a C14 date, always ask: "What was vs. what was assumed?"
SECTION C: BIOLOGY BY DESIGN (Questions 21-30)
21. DNA contains a four-letter code (A, T, G, C) that functions as:

A) Random chemical sequences

B) An information storage and processing system

C) Simple protein chains

D) Inert molecular material

22. TRUE or FALSE: The human eye is an example of irreducible complexity because all its components must work together for vision.
23. The bacterial flagellum is often cited as evidence for design because:

A) It evolved gradually over millions of years

B) It is a rotary motor with ~40 interdependent protein parts

C) It is very simple and easily explained by evolution

D) It doesn't function properly

24. Fill in the blank: The human genome contains approximately billion base pairs of genetic information.
25. "Specified complexity" means:

A) Random patterns that look complex

B) Complex patterns that match an independent specification (like a code)

C) Simple patterns that repeat

D) Complexity without any pattern

26. TRUE or FALSE: The "genetic code" is literally a code that requires translation machinery to convert DNA to proteins.
27. Proteins are made of amino acids arranged in specific sequences. How many common amino acids are used in life?

A) 4

B) 10

C) 20

D) 100

28. Fill in the blank: The probability of randomly assembling a functional protein of 150 amino acids is approximately 1 in 10^, according to Douglas Axe's research.
29. The cell's protein synthesis machinery includes:

A) DNA, mRNA, ribosomes, and tRNA working together

B) Only DNA

C) Only ribosomes

D) Random chemical reactions

30. TRUE or FALSE: ATP synthase is a molecular motor that spins at 6,000-9,000 RPM to produce energy for cells.
SECTION D: FLOOD GEOLOGY (Questions 31-40)
31. According to Genesis 7:11, the Flood's water came from:

A) Rain only

B) The fountains of the great deep AND the windows of heaven

C) Melting glaciers

D) Ocean overflow

32. TRUE or FALSE: Marine fossils are found on mountaintops worldwide, including the Himalayas.
33. The 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption demonstrated that:

A) Rock layers always form slowly over millions of years

B) Massive sediment layers and canyons can form rapidly in catastrophic conditions

C) Volcanoes never affect geology

D) Uniformitarianism is the only explanation

34. Fill in the blank: "Polystrate fossils" are fossils that extend through rock layers, suggesting rapid burial.
35. Soft tissue (including blood vessels and cells) has been found in:

A) Only recently deceased animals

B) Dinosaur fossils claimed to be 65+ million years old

C) Only frozen specimens

D) Only insects in amber

36. TRUE or FALSE: The worldwide distribution of similar sedimentary rock layers is evidence consistent with a global flood.
37. The fossil record shows:

A) Gradual transitions between all major animal groups

B) Sudden appearance of fully-formed organisms with few transitional forms

C) No fossils at all

D) Only marine organisms

38. Fill in the blank: The Genesis Flood lasted approximately days from start to when Noah exited the Ark (Genesis 7-8).
39. "Uniformitarianism" is the belief that:

A) Catastrophes shaped Earth's geology

B) Present slow processes have always operated at the same rate (no catastrophes)

C) The Flood happened

D) Earth is young

40. TRUE or FALSE: Coal seams can form rapidly under catastrophic conditions, not requiring millions of years.
SECTION E: INFORMATION THEORY & DNA (Questions 41-45)
41. According to Information Theory, information:

A) Can arise from random processes

B) Always comes from an intelligent source

C) Is the same as matter

D) Has no defined properties

42. Fill in the blank: DNA is often called the "language of life" because it contains that instructs cells how to build and operate.
43. TRUE or FALSE: A code requires both a sender (encoder) and a receiver (decoder) with a shared convention.
44. The "chicken and egg" problem in origin of life refers to:

A) DNA is needed to make proteins, but proteins are needed to read DNA

B) Chickens evolved before eggs

C) Eggs evolved before chickens

D) There is no problem

45. TRUE or FALSE: Random mutations consistently add new, meaningful information to the genome.
SECTION F: BIBLICAL CREATION FRAMEWORK (Questions 46-50)
46. According to Exodus 20:11, in how many days did Yahuah create heaven, earth, the sea, and all that is in them?

A) Billions of years

B) Six days

C) Six ages

D) An unspecified time

47. Fill in the blank: Genesis 1 repeatedly states that organisms reproduce "after their ," indicating boundaries between types.
48. 2 Peter 3:5-6 says people are "willingly ignorant" of:

A) Creation by the word of Elohim and the global Flood

B) Evolution

C) Modern science

D) Philosophy

49. TRUE or FALSE: Operational science (observable, testable, repeatable) and historical science (interpretations of the past) are the same thing.
50. Psalm 119:160 declares:

A) "The sum of Your word is truth"

B) "Scripture is outdated"

C) "Science always trumps the Bible"

D) "Ignore the evidence"

CALCULATE YOUR SCORE

Section A (Evolution): / 20
Section B (Carbon Dating): / 20
Section C (Biology by Design): / 20
Section D (Flood Geology): / 20
Section E (Information Theory): / 10
Section F (Biblical Framework): / 10
TOTAL SCORE: / 100

ANSWER KEY

For Instructor Use / Self-Grading

SECTION A: EVOLUTION REFUTATION

QuestionAnswerExplanation
1BLife comes only from pre-existing life (Law of Biogenesis)
2CPasteur disproved spontaneous generation
3FalseMiller-Urey only produced some amino acids, not life
4BEntropy (disorder) increases in isolated systems
5382 (or ~400)Minimum gene requirement for simplest organism
6BSystems requiring all parts; remove one, it fails
7FalseMutations lose or corrupt information, rarely add beneficial info
8BSudden appearance of major phyla without ancestors
9informationInformation Theory: info requires intelligent source
10FalseAbiogenesis has never been observed

SECTION B: CARBON DATING CRITIQUE

QuestionAnswerExplanation
11BC14 only works on organic (once-living) materials
125,730Half-life of Carbon-14
13DEarth's age is NOT an assumption of C14 dating itself
14TrueLiving snails dated at 27,000 years (hard-water effect)
15BSuess Effect: fossil fuels dilute atmospheric C14
1650,000-60,000Practical limit due to background noise
17C1% modern contamination = ~37,000 year apparent age
18TrueC14 found in coal, diamonds, and fossils
19DAll factors: burial, volcanic carbon, different pre-Flood ratio
20measuredDistinguish measurement from interpretation

SECTION C: BIOLOGY BY DESIGN

QuestionAnswerExplanation
21BDNA is an information storage and processing system
22TrueEye requires all parts for function
23B~40 interdependent protein parts in bacterial flagellum
243 (or 3.2)Human genome has ~3 billion base pairs
25BComplex patterns matching independent specification
26TrueGenetic code requires translation machinery
27C20 common amino acids used in life
28771 in 10^77 probability (Axe's research)
29ADNA, mRNA, ribosomes, tRNA work together
30TrueATP synthase spins at 6,000-9,000 RPM

SECTION D: FLOOD GEOLOGY

QuestionAnswerExplanation
31BFountains of great deep AND windows of heaven
32TrueMarine fossils found on highest mountains
33BMt. St. Helens showed rapid layer/canyon formation
34multiplePolystrate fossils cross multiple layers
35BSoft tissue in dinosaur fossils
36TrueWorldwide sedimentary layers consistent with global flood
37BSudden appearance with few transitions
38371 (or ~370)From Genesis 7:11 to 8:14
39BUniformitarianism: present processes always same rate
40TrueCoal can form rapidly in catastrophic conditions

SECTION E: INFORMATION THEORY & DNA

QuestionAnswerExplanation
41BInformation requires intelligent source
42information (or code/instructions)DNA contains coded instructions
43TrueCodes require sender, receiver, shared convention
44ADNA needs proteins, proteins need DNA to be made
45FalseMutations typically corrupt, not add meaningful information

SECTION F: BIBLICAL CREATION FRAMEWORK

QuestionAnswerExplanation
46BSix days (Exodus 20:11)
47kind"After their kind" - Genesis 1
48ACreation and Flood (2 Peter 3:5-6)
49FalseOperational and historical science are different
50A"The sum of Your word is truth"

GRADING SCALE

ScoreGradeRecommendation
90-100Excellent (A)Ready to advance; consider teaching others
80-89Good (B)Solid understanding; review weak areas
70-79Satisfactory (C)Review lessons before advancing
60-69Needs Improvement (D)Re-study all sections with focus on missed topics
Below 60Review Required (F)Complete full re-study of all workbooks

TRUTH CARRIERS EDUCATION SYSTEM

True Science Series - End-of-Unit Assessment

Testing knowledge and critical thinking about creation and science.

"Prove all things; hold fast that which is good." - 1 Thessalonians 5:21