Greek & Latin Roots

Unlocking Thousands of Words Through Etymology

Grades 5-6

Study Guide: Why Learn Word Roots?

Over 60% of English words come from Greek and Latin roots. When you learn these roots, you can figure out the meaning of words you've never seen before!

Word Parts:

un- + break + -able = unbreakable

1GRAPH / GRAM - Write

GRAPH / GRAM

Greek: graphein

"to write" or "something written"

paragraph
a section of writing
biography
written story of someone's life
autograph
self-written signature
photograph
"light writing" - a picture
telegram
message written from afar
diagram
a drawn explanation

Word Analysis:

bio (life) + graph (write) = biography

A biography is a written account of someone's life!

"All Scripture is given by inspiration of Elohim." - 2 Timothy 3:16
Scripture literally means "sacred writing" - from Latin scriptura!

Practice

1. Match the word part to its meaning:

___ auto-A. life
___ bio-B. far, distant
___ photo-C. self
___ tele-D. light

2. What does each word literally mean?

autograph = + write = _______________

photograph = + write = _______________

telegram = + write = _______________

3. Use "biography" in a sentence about a Bible character:

Family Activity

2SCRIB / SCRIPT - Write

SCRIB / SCRIPT

Latin: scribere

"to write"

Scripture
sacred writing (the Bible)
scribe
one who writes
describe
write down about
prescribe
write before (instructions)
manuscript
hand-written document
inscription
writing carved into something

Hebrew Connection!

In biblical times, scribes (Hebrew: soferim) were scholars who carefully copied the Torah by hand. They counted every letter to ensure accuracy!

"The law of Yahuah is perfect, converting the soul." - Psalm 19:7

Word Analysis:

de- (down, about) + scrib (write) = describe

To describe is to write down about something!

Practice

1. Fill in the root SCRIB or SCRIPT:

The ______ture is the written Word of Yahuah.

A ______e copies documents by hand.

Can you de______e what you see?

The manu______t was very old.

2. What prefix means...

before: (as in prescribe)

down/about: (as in describe)

into: (as in inscribe)

3. Why were scribes important in preserving Scripture?

Family Activity

3-OLOGY / LOG - Study / Word

LOG / -OLOGY

Greek: logos

"word, speech, reason, study"

theology
study of Elohim (theos)
biology
study of life (bios)
geology
study of earth (geo)
archaeology
study of ancient things
apologetics
reasoned defense of faith
dialogue
conversation between two
"In the beginning was the Word (Logos), and the Word was with Elohim, and the Word was Elohim." - John 1:1
The Greek word "Logos" here refers to Yahusha - the living Word!

Word Analysis:

theo (God) + -logy (study of) = theology

Theology is the study of Elohim and His ways!

Practice

1. Match the -ology to what it studies:

___ biologyA. the earth
___ theologyB. ancient things
___ geologyC. living things
___ archaeologyD. Elohim

2. Create new -ology words:

Study of stars (astro) =

Study of animals (zoo) =

Study of weather (meteor) =

3. Why is "Logos" (Word) used to describe Yahusha in John 1:1?

Family Activity

4CHRON - Time

CHRON

Greek: chronos

"time"

chronicle
record of events in time
chronological
in time order
chronic
lasting a long time
synchronize
same time together
anachronism
something out of its time
chronometer
precise time measurer

Biblical Connection!

The books of 1 & 2 Chronicles are named from this root! They chronicle (record) the history of Israel from Adam to the return from Babylon.

Hebrew name: Divrei HaYamim (Words of the Days)

Word Analysis:

syn- (together) + chron (time) + -ize = synchronize

To synchronize is to make things happen at the same time!

Practice

1. Fill in CHRON words:

The Bible events are listed in __________________ order.

A __________________ illness lasts a long time.

Let's __________________ our watches to the same time.

1 & 2 __________________ record Israel's history.

2. What do these prefixes mean?

syn- (synchronize):

ana- (anachronism):

3. Put these Bible events in chronological order (1-4):

___ The Flood

___ Creation

___ Exodus from Egypt

___ Abraham's call

Family Activity

5VERT / VERS - Turn

VERT / VERS

Latin: vertere

"to turn"

convert
turn completely (change)
reverse
turn back
divert
turn aside
universe
turned into one (all creation)
verse
a "turn" of thought (line)
avert
turn away from
"Repent, and turn yourselves from all your transgressions." - Ezekiel 18:30
To repent (Hebrew: teshuvah) means to TURN back to Yahuah!

Word Analysis:

con- (completely) + vert (turn) = convert

To convert is to turn completely - to change from one thing to another!

Practice

1. Match the prefix to its meaning:

___ con- (convert)A. away from
___ re- (reverse)B. apart, aside
___ di- (divert)C. back
___ a- (avert)D. completely, together

2. Fill in the VERT/VERS word:

Paul was _______________ed on the road to Damascus. (turned completely)

Yahuah created the entire _______________e. (all of creation)

Read the next _______________ in your Bible. (line of poetry)

3. How does repentance relate to "turning"?

Family Activity

6DICT - Say / Speak

DICT

Latin: dicere

"to say, speak"

dictionary
book of word meanings
predict
say before (foretell)
contradict
speak against
dictate
speak for another to write
verdict
true saying (judgment)
benediction
good speaking (blessing)
"I have not spoken of Myself; but the Father which sent Me, He gave Me a commandment, what I should say, and what I should speak." - John 12:49

Word Analysis:

pre- (before) + dict (say) = predict

To predict is to say something before it happens - like prophecy!

Practice

1. What do these prefixes mean?

pre- (predict):

contra- (contradict):

bene- (benediction):

ver- (verdict):

2. Fill in DICT words:

Look up words in the _______________.

The prophets _______________ed the Messiah's coming.

The priest gave a _______________ion (blessing).

3. How did prophets "predict" (speak before) about Yahusha?

Family Activity

7SPECT - Look / See

SPECT

Latin: spectare

"to look, see, watch"

inspect
look into carefully
respect
look back at (honor)
expect
look out for
spectator
one who watches
spectacle
something to look at
perspective
way of looking through
"The eyes of Yahuah are in every place, beholding the evil and the good." - Proverbs 15:3
Yahuah sees and inspects all things!

Word Analysis:

in- (into) + spect (look) = inspect

To inspect is to look INTO something carefully!

Practice

1. Match the SPECT word to its meaning:

___ inspectA. to honor, look up to
___ respectB. look into carefully
___ expectC. one who watches
___ spectatorD. look forward to

2. Fill in SPECT words:

We should _______________ our parents. (honor, look up to)

I _______________ Yahusha to return soon. (look forward to)

Let me _______________ your work. (look into)

3. What does it mean that Yahuah "inspects" our hearts?

Family Activity

8Review: Master Root Detective!

Roots We've Learned

Root Origin Meaning Example
GRAPH/GRAMGreekwritebiography
SCRIB/SCRIPTLatinwriteScripture
LOG/-OLOGYGreekword, studytheology
CHRONGreektimechronicle
VERT/VERSLatinturnconvert
DICTLatinsay, speakpredict
SPECTLatinlook, seeinspect

Final Challenge

1. Identify the root and meaning:

chronological: root = _____________, meaning = _____________

description: root = _____________, meaning = _____________

spectator: root = _____________, meaning = _____________

convert: root = _____________, meaning = _____________

dictionary: root = _____________, meaning = _____________

2. Which root would help you understand these words?

autograph → root:

biology → root:

reverse → root:

manuscript → root:

3. Write a paragraph using at least 5 vocabulary words from this workbook:

Celebration!

Answer Key

Lesson 1 - GRAPH/GRAM

Matching: C, A, D, B

Word meanings: self + write, light + write, far + write

Lesson 2 - SCRIB/SCRIPT

Fill in: Scripture, scribe, describe, manuscript

Prefixes: pre- (before), de- (down/about), in- (into)

Lesson 3 - LOG/-OLOGY

Matching: C, D, A, B

New words: astrology, zoology, meteorology

Lesson 4 - CHRON

Fill in: chronological, chronic, synchronize, Chronicles

Prefixes: syn- (together), ana- (against/back)

Order: 2, 1, 4, 3 (Creation, Flood, Abraham, Exodus)

Lesson 5 - VERT/VERS

Matching: D, C, B, A

Fill in: converted, universe, verse

Lesson 6 - DICT

Prefixes: pre- (before), contra- (against), bene- (good), ver- (true)

Fill in: dictionary, predicted, benediction

Lesson 7 - SPECT

Matching: B, A, D, C

Fill in: respect, expect, inspect

Lesson 8 - Review

Roots: chron (time), scrib (write), spect (look), vert (turn), dict (say)

Word roots: graph, log/ology, vert, scrib