Electricity, Magnetism & Forces
Throughout this workbook, we use the original Hebrew names. Here's how to say them:
| Yahuah | yah-HOO-ah | The Creator's personal name, meaning "I AM" or "Self-Existent One" |
| Yahusha | yah-HOO-shah | The Messiah's name, meaning "Yahuah is Salvation" |
| Elohim | el-oh-HEEM | Title meaning "Mighty One(s)" - often used for the Creator |
| Ruach | ROO-akh | Spirit or breath (as in Ruach HaQodesh - the Holy Spirit) |
Electricity is the flow of tiny particles called electrons. You can't see electrons - they're smaller than atoms! But you can see what electricity DOES.
Electricity gives us:
Static Electricity: Electricity that stays in one place (like when you get shocked touching a doorknob)
Current Electricity: Electricity that flows through wires (like what powers your house)
1. What are the tiny particles that create electricity called?
2. When you get shocked after walking on carpet, that's an example of:
3. Which of these does electricity NOT provide?
4. Explain in your own words: What is the difference between static electricity and current electricity?
Static electricity happens when electrons build up on an object instead of flowing through it.
Everything is made of atoms. Atoms have:
Normally, atoms are balanced - same number of protons and electrons. But when you rub certain materials together, electrons can jump from one object to another!
Opposite charges ATTRACT (+ and - pull toward each other)
Same charges REPEL (+ and + push away; - and - push away)
What happened? Rubbing gave the balloon extra electrons (negative charge). The paper is attracted to the negative charge!
1. Which particles have a negative charge?
2. What happens when two objects with the same charge get close to each other?
3. Fill in the blanks:
When you rub a balloon on your hair, move from your hair to the balloon, giving the balloon a charge.
4. Think deeper: Why do you think Yahuah (yah-HOO-ah) made opposite charges attract and same charges repel? How does this rule help keep atoms together?
Draw an atom with protons, neutrons, and electrons. Label each part and write whether it's positive (+), negative (-), or neutral.
A circuit is a path that electricity flows through. The word "circuit" comes from "circle" - electricity needs a complete loop to flow!
Every circuit needs these parts:
Power Source: Provides the electricity (battery, outlet)
Wires: The path electricity flows through
Load: Uses the electricity (light bulb, motor, buzzer)
Switch: Opens or closes the circuit (optional)
Open vs. Closed Circuits:
Series Circuit: Everything is connected in ONE loop. If one part breaks, the whole circuit stops working!
Parallel Circuit: Multiple paths for electricity. If one part breaks, the others still work!
1. For electricity to flow, the circuit must be:
2. In a series circuit, if one light bulb breaks:
3. Which provides the electricity in a circuit?
4. Name the four main parts of a circuit:
a.
b.
c.
d.
5. Explain: Why do you think houses use parallel circuits instead of series circuits for the lights and outlets in different rooms?
Draw a series circuit with 2 light bulbs, then draw a parallel circuit with 2 light bulbs. Label the battery, wires, and bulbs.
Some materials let electricity flow through them easily. Others block electricity. This is very important for keeping us safe!
Materials that let electricity flow through them easily.
Examples: Copper, silver, gold, aluminum, iron, water (with salt or minerals), your body!
Why: Their electrons are "loose" and can move easily.
Materials that block or slow down electricity.
Examples: Rubber, plastic, glass, wood, air, pure water
Why: Their electrons are held tightly and can't move.
1. Which material is a good conductor of electricity?
2. Why are electrical wires covered in plastic?
3. Sort these materials:
Materials: Iron, Rubber, Aluminum, Wood, Silver, Glass
Conductors:
Insulators:
4. Think and explain: Why is it dangerous to use electrical devices near water or with wet hands? (Hint: Think about what water conducts!)
Magnetism is an invisible force that can push or pull certain materials. You can't see it, but you can definitely see what it does!
What do magnets attract?
These are called magnetic materials or ferromagnetic materials.
What do magnets NOT attract?
1. Which material is attracted to a magnet?
2. Why do compasses point north?
3. True or False:
All metals are attracted to magnets: (True/False)
4. In your own words, explain: What is Earth's magnetic field and why is it important for life?
Every magnet has two ends called poles:
Opposite poles ATTRACT (N and S pull together)
Same poles REPEL (N and N push apart; S and S push apart)
This is just like electric charges!
The space around a magnet where its force works is called the magnetic field. You can't see it, but you can show it using iron filings!
1. What happens when you bring two north poles together?
2. What happens when you bring a north pole and a south pole together?
3. What is the space around a magnet where its force works?
4. Fill in the blanks:
Opposite poles , and same poles .
5. Compare and contrast: How are magnetic poles similar to electric charges? How are they different?
Draw a bar magnet with its north and south poles labeled. Then draw curved lines around it to show the magnetic field (lines go from N to S).
Here's something amazing: electricity and magnetism are connected! When electricity flows through a wire, it creates a magnetic field around the wire!
An electromagnet is a magnet made with electricity. It's different from a regular magnet because:
1. Wrap wire around an iron nail (many times)
2. Connect the wire ends to a battery
3. Electricity flows, creating a magnetic field!
4. The nail becomes a magnet and can pick up paper clips!
Making electromagnets stronger:
1. What makes an electromagnet different from a regular magnet?
2. How do you make an electromagnet stronger?
3. List three things you need to make a simple electromagnet:
a.
b.
c.
4. Think about it: Why would it be useful to have a magnet you can turn on and off? Give at least two examples of where this would be helpful.
A force is a push or a pull. Forces make things:
Contact Forces: Objects must touch (pushing, pulling, friction)
Non-Contact Forces: Work at a distance (gravity, magnetism, electricity)
Forces are measured in units called Newtons (N), named after scientist Isaac Newton.
Balanced forces: Equal forces in opposite directions = no change in motion
Unbalanced forces: One force is stronger = motion changes
1. What is a force?
2. Which is a non-contact force?
3. When forces are balanced, an object:
4. Forces are measured in units called .
5. Give an example of balanced forces in everyday life and explain why the object doesn't move:
Gravity is the force that pulls objects toward each other. Every object with mass has gravity!
The more mass an object has, the stronger its gravity. Earth is very massive, so it has strong gravity that:
Weight vs. Mass:
1. What determines how strong an object's gravity is?
2. Your weight on the moon would be:
3. What's the difference between mass and weight?
Mass is:
Weight is:
4. Explain in detail: What would happen if Earth's gravity suddenly disappeared? Think about at least three different things that would be affected.
Draw Earth with the sun. Draw arrows to show the direction of the gravitational pull between them.
Friction is a force that happens when two surfaces rub against each other. Friction always works AGAINST motion - it tries to slow things down or stop them.
What affects how much friction there is?
Sliding friction: Objects sliding past each other (pushing a box across the floor)
Rolling friction: Objects rolling (wheels on a road) - less friction than sliding!
Air resistance: Friction with air (parachutes use this to slow down)
Is friction good or bad? Both!
1. What does friction do to moving objects?
2. Which surface would have the MOST friction?
3. Rolling friction is usually:
4. Give one example where friction is helpful and one where it's unhelpful:
Helpful:
Unhelpful:
5. Explain: Why do car tires have treads (grooves) on them? What would happen if tires were completely smooth?
Sir Isaac Newton studied how things move and discovered three important laws. These laws explain how forces affect motion!
An object at rest stays at rest. An object in motion stays in motion (in a straight line). UNLESS a force acts on it!
Example: A ball won't move until you kick it. Once moving, it would keep going forever if friction and gravity didn't stop it.
The more force you use, the faster something accelerates. The more mass an object has, the more force you need to move it.
Example: Pushing an empty shopping cart is easy. Pushing a full one takes more force!
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Example: When you jump, you push down on the ground. The ground pushes back up on you, launching you into the air!
1. According to Newton's First Law, a moving object will:
2. According to Newton's Third Law, when you push on a wall:
3. Match each law to the example:
___ Wearing a seatbelt (so you don't keep moving when the car stops)
___ Swimming (push water backward, you move forward)
___ Pushing a heavy box takes more force than a light box
A. First Law B. Second Law C. Third Law
4. Explain Newton's Third Law in your own words and give an example from everyday life that wasn't mentioned in the lesson:
Electricity:
Magnetism:
Forces:
1. What particle carries electricity?
2. What happens when two south poles of magnets meet?
3. Which force keeps us on Earth?
4. What type of circuit keeps working if one bulb breaks?
5. According to Newton's Third Law:
6. Name one conductor and one insulator:
Conductor:
Insulator:
7. Final reflection: Choose one topic from this workbook (electricity, magnetism, or forces) and explain how it shows evidence of Yahuah's (yah-HOO-ah's) intelligent design:
Lesson 1: 1-B, 2-B, 3-B, 4-Static stays in one place; current flows through wires
Lesson 2: 1-C, 2-B, 3-electrons, negative
Lesson 3: 1-B, 2-B, 3-B, 4-Power source, wires, load, switch
Lesson 4: 1-B, 2-C, 3-Conductors: Iron, Aluminum, Silver; Insulators: Rubber, Wood, Glass
Lesson 5: 1-C, 2-B, 3-False
Lesson 6: 1-B, 2-A, 3-B, 4-attract, repel
Lesson 7: 1-B, 2-A, 3-Wire, iron nail/core, battery
Lesson 8: 1-B, 2-B, 3-C, 4-Newtons
Lesson 9: 1-B, 2-B, 3-Mass is how much matter; Weight is the force of gravity on an object
Lesson 10: 1-B, 2-B, 3-B
Lesson 11: 1-B, 2-B, 3-A, C, B
Lesson 12: 1-B, 2-B, 3-C, 4-B, 5-C, 6-Any valid examples