Modern History: The 20th Century

Understanding Recent History Through Two Lenses

Grades 5-6

About This Workbook: The Dual-View Approach

The 20th century (1900-1999) was one of the most dramatic periods in history. You'll learn about world wars, new technology, and major changes in society from two perspectives:

What Textbooks Teach (Mainstream View)

This is what most public schools and secular textbooks teach. You need to know this material, but you should also understand what gets left out.

What Scripture Says (Biblical Truth)

This is how the Bible and biblical principles illuminate these events. Scripture provides the TRUE framework for understanding all of history.

What Textbooks Miss or Distort

Here we examine what secular history often ignores or gets wrong.

Hidden History Revealed

Documented facts that mainstream education often suppresses or ignores.

"For there shall arise false messiahs, and false prophets... For then shall be great tribulation, such as was not since the beginning of the world." - Matthew 24:24, 21

1The World in 1900

Industrial Revolution: The period when machines replaced hand tools and factories changed how goods were made.

What Textbooks Teach

By 1900, the world had changed dramatically:

What Scripture Says

Many people in 1900 believed humanity was getting better and better - that war would soon end and technology would create a perfect world. This was called "optimism" but it was really human pride, thinking we could save ourselves without Yahuah.

The Bible warns against trusting in human progress: "There is a way which seems right unto a man, but the end thereof are the ways of death" (Proverbs 14:12).

"For when they shall say, Peace and safety; then sudden destruction comes upon them." - 1 Thessalonians 5:3

What Textbooks Miss

Hidden History

The Federal Reserve: In 1913, a group of wealthy bankers met in secret on Jekyll Island to plan a central bank. This Federal Reserve would control America's money - giving private bankers enormous power.

Sabbath keepers persecuted: Even in "progressive" America, Sabbath-keepers were sometimes jailed for working on Sunday while keeping the true Sabbath!

Practice Questions

  1. The Revolution changed how goods were made using machines.
  2. By 1900, European controlled much of the world.
  3. True or False: Most people in 1900 believed humanity was getting better and better.
  4. The Federal was created in 1913 to control America's money.

Family Discussion

Read Proverbs 14:12 and 1 Thessalonians 5:3. Why is it dangerous to trust in human progress instead of Yahuah? What happens when people think they don't need God?

2World War I: The "Great War" (1914-1918)

Trench Warfare: Fighting from long ditches dug in the ground, where soldiers lived for months in terrible conditions.

What Textbooks Teach

What Scripture Says

World War I showed what happens when humans reject Yahuah's ways. Instead of loving neighbors, nations slaughtered each other. Yahusha warned His followers: "For nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom" (Matthew 24:7).

Many soldiers on BOTH sides claimed God was on their side. But Yahuah does not support mass murder! James 4:1-2 says wars come from our own selfish desires.

"And you shall hear of wars and rumors of wars... For nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom." - Matthew 24:6-7

What Textbooks Miss

Hidden History

Christmas Truce 1914: On Christmas Day 1914, German and British soldiers stopped fighting, sang carols together, and played soccer! This shows that ordinary soldiers didn't want to kill each other - but leaders forced them back to fighting.

Balfour Declaration: In 1917, Britain promised to support a Jewish homeland in Palestine. This set the stage for the modern State of Israel and ongoing conflicts in the Middle East.

Timeline: World War I

1914War begins after assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
1914Christmas Truce - soldiers stop fighting briefly
1917US enters the war; Balfour Declaration
1918War ends; about 17 million dead
1919Treaty of Versailles punishes Germany

Practice Questions

  1. World War I was called the " War" because people thought it would end all wars.
  2. About million people died in World War I.
  3. Soldiers fought from long ditches called .
  4. The Treaty of punished Germany harshly.
  5. True or False: On Christmas 1914, some soldiers stopped fighting and celebrated together.

Family Discussion

Read James 4:1-3. What does James say causes wars? The Christmas Truce shows soldiers didn't want to fight - why do you think leaders make them?

3The Roaring Twenties & Great Depression

Stock Market Crash: When stock prices suddenly fall, causing people to lose their investments and savings.
Great Depression: A severe worldwide economic crisis (1929-1939) when businesses failed, banks closed, and millions lost jobs.

What Textbooks Teach

What Scripture Says

The 1920s saw many people forget Yahuah and focus on entertainment and wealth. Then came disaster. This pattern repeats throughout history! When people prosper, they often forget God - then face consequences.

Yahuah's economic system in Torah (Jubilee, debt forgiveness, caring for the poor) would have prevented such disasters. But modern banking systems are built on debt and speculation - the opposite of biblical principles.

"He that trusts in his riches shall fall: but the righteous shall flourish as a branch." - Proverbs 11:28

What Textbooks Miss

Hidden History

The Crash Wasn't Accidental: Some researchers believe major bankers knew the crash was coming. They sold their stocks BEFORE the crash, then bought companies at rock-bottom prices afterward.

Biblical Economics Worked: Communities that practiced biblical principles - no debt, sharing resources, growing their own food - survived the Depression better than those dependent on banks and stocks.

Practice Questions

  1. The stock market crashed on October 29, , called "Black Tuesday."
  2. During the Great Depression, up to % of workers lost their jobs.
  3. The severe drought and dust storms on farms were called the Bowl.
  4. President Roosevelt's recovery programs were called the New .
  5. True or False: The Depression was completely ended by government programs.

Family Discussion

Read Proverbs 11:28 and Deuteronomy 8:17-18. Why is it dangerous to trust in riches? How can families prepare for hard economic times following biblical principles?

4World War II (1939-1945)

Holocaust: The systematic murder of six million Jewish people by Nazi Germany.
Totalitarianism: A government that controls every aspect of life and allows no opposition.

What Textbooks Teach

What Scripture Says

The Holocaust was one of history's greatest evils - the attempted destruction of Yahuah's chosen people. Satan has always tried to destroy the Jewish people through whom Messiah came.

Yet Yahuah preserved His people! Just three years after the Holocaust, Israel became a nation again in 1948 - fulfilling prophecy: "Who has heard such a thing? Who has seen such things? Shall a nation be born at once?" (Isaiah 66:8).

"I will bless them that bless you, and curse him that curses you." - Genesis 12:3

What Textbooks Miss

Hidden History

Operation Paperclip: After the war, the US secretly brought Nazi scientists to America to work on rockets and other projects. Some had committed war crimes.

Corrie ten Boom: This Christian woman hid Jewish people from the Nazis in her home. She was caught and sent to a concentration camp. She survived and later preached forgiveness. She said: "There is no pit so deep that God's love is not deeper still."

Dietrich Bonhoeffer: This German pastor opposed Hitler and was executed. He said, "Silence in the face of evil is itself evil."

Corrie ten Boom (1892-1983)

Who: Dutch Christian who hid Jewish people during WWII

What happened: Arrested by Nazis; survived concentration camps

Her message: Forgiveness and trust in Yahuah even in the darkest times

Practice Questions

  1. World War II lasted from 1939 to .
  2. The Nazis murdered 6 million people in the Holocaust.
  3. About million people died in World War II total.
  4. Japan attacked the US at Harbor in 1941.
  5. True or False: Israel became a nation again in 1948, just three years after the Holocaust.

Family Discussion

Read Genesis 12:3 and Isaiah 66:8. How did Yahuah preserve the Jewish people even through the Holocaust? What can we learn from heroes like Corrie ten Boom?

5The Cold War (1947-1991)

Cold War: A conflict between the US and Soviet Union that never became direct war, but involved threats, spying, and competition.
Communism: A system where the government controls all property and business, claiming to share wealth equally.

What Textbooks Teach

What Scripture Says

Communism officially rejects Yahuah. Karl Marx called religion "the opium of the people." Communist governments persecuted believers, closed churches, and tried to eliminate faith. Yet faith survived!

Capitalism without biblical morality also fails. Greed, exploitation, and ignoring the poor violate Torah. Neither godless system is truly righteous.

"Righteousness exalts a nation: but sin is a reproach to any people." - Proverbs 14:34

What Textbooks Miss

Hidden History

Underground Churches: In the Soviet Union and China, millions of believers worshiped in secret "underground churches." They memorized Scripture because Bibles were banned. Their faith often grew stronger through persecution!

Richard Wurmbrand: This Romanian pastor was tortured for 14 years in Communist prisons for his faith. He later founded Voice of the Martyrs to help persecuted Christians worldwide.

Timeline: The Cold War

1947Cold War begins
1950-53Korean War
1957Soviet Sputnik launched - Space Race begins
1961Berlin Wall built
1962Cuban Missile Crisis - closest to nuclear war
1969US lands on the Moon
1989Berlin Wall falls
1991Soviet Union collapses; Cold War ends

Practice Questions

  1. The Cold War was between the US and the Soviet .
  2. The Wall divided East and West Germany.
  3. The US landed on the in 1969.
  4. True or False: Communist governments persecuted believers and tried to eliminate faith.
  5. The Cold War ended when the Soviet Union collapsed in .

Family Discussion

Believers in Communist countries faced persecution but often grew stronger in faith. What can we learn from underground churches? How should we prepare for possible persecution?

6The Civil Rights Movement

Segregation: Forced separation of people by race, especially in the American South.
Civil Rights: The rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality.

What Textbooks Teach

What Scripture Says

The Bible is absolutely clear: racism is sin! Yahuah "has made of one blood all nations of men" (Acts 17:26). Every human is made in Elohim's image. There is no biblical basis for treating any race as inferior.

Dr. King often quoted Scripture in his speeches. He understood that the fight for civil rights was a spiritual battle - applying biblical principles of justice and human dignity.

"He has made of one blood all nations of men for to dwell on all the face of the earth." - Acts 17:26

What Textbooks Miss

Hidden History

Earlier Civil Rights: The fight for civil rights didn't start in the 1950s. Black Americans had been fighting for rights since slavery ended - but textbooks often skip this long history.

Black Churches: The civil rights movement was deeply rooted in Black churches. Pastors led the movement, and meetings were held in church buildings. Faith was central to the struggle.

Sabbath-keeping believers: Some Black Sabbath-keeping congregations faced double discrimination - for their race AND their faith. Yet they remained faithful to Yahuah's commands.

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968)

Who: Baptist pastor and civil rights leader

Famous for: "I Have a Dream" speech, nonviolent protest, Nobel Peace Prize

Biblical basis: His speeches were filled with Scripture and biblical principles of justice

What happened: Assassinated in 1968

Practice Questions

  1. Crow laws enforced segregation in the South.
  2. Parks sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955.
  3. Dr. Martin Luther Jr. led the civil rights movement.
  4. The Civil Rights Act of banned discrimination based on race.
  5. True or False: Racism has any biblical basis.

Family Discussion

Read Acts 17:26 and Galatians 3:28. What does the Bible teach about different races? How should believers respond when they see racism or injustice?

7Technology, Space, & the Information Age

Information Age: The period beginning around 1970 when computers and digital technology transformed how we work and communicate.

What Textbooks Teach

What Scripture Says

Technology itself isn't good or evil - it depends on how we use it. But Daniel 12:4 prophesied: "Many shall run to and fro, and knowledge shall be increased." We're seeing this today!

Technology can be used to spread Yahuah's truth worldwide - or to spread lies. We must be wise: "Test all things; hold fast what is good" (1 Thessalonians 5:21).

"Many shall run to and fro, and knowledge shall be increased." - Daniel 12:4

What Textbooks Miss

Hidden History

Internet Origins: The internet was created by the military (DARPA) for defense purposes. Much technology we use began as military projects.

Prophecy Connection: Some Bible students see technology fulfilling prophecy about the end times - global communication, surveillance systems, digital money that could track all buying and selling (Revelation 13:16-17).

Spreading the Gospel: Despite concerns, technology has allowed Yahuah's Word to reach more people than ever! Bibles in every language are available free online.

Timeline: Technology Milestones

1957Sputnik - first satellite launched
1969Moon landing; ARPANET (early internet) begins
1975Personal computers become available
1991World Wide Web goes public
2007Smartphones become mainstream

Practice Questions

  1. The US landed on the Moon in .
  2. Daniel 12:4 prophesied that would be increased in the last days.
  3. The World Wide went public in 1991.
  4. True or False: Technology can be used for both good and evil.
  5. We should " all things" and hold fast what is good (1 Thessalonians 5:21).

Family Discussion

Read Daniel 12:4 and Revelation 13:16-17. How might modern technology relate to biblical prophecy? How can your family use technology wisely for Yahuah's glory?

8Review: The 20th Century

What We've Learned

The 20th century was a time of incredible change - some good, some terrible:

Key Truths

  1. Human progress isn't salvation: People in 1900 thought progress would solve everything - then came world wars
  2. Wars come from selfish desires: James 4:1-3 explains why nations fight
  3. Trusting riches leads to disaster: The Great Depression showed the danger of putting faith in money
  4. Yahuah preserves His people: Despite the Holocaust, Israel was reborn - fulfilling prophecy
  5. Faith survives persecution: Underground churches kept faith alive under Communism
  6. All humans are equal: Racism is sin; the civil rights movement applied biblical principles
  7. Technology is a tool: It can spread truth or lies - we must be wise

Master Timeline

1900Age of empires and industrialization
1914-18World War I - 17 million dead
1929Stock market crash; Great Depression begins
1939-45World War II - 70-85 million dead; Holocaust
1948Israel becomes a nation again
1947-91Cold War between US and USSR
1954-68Civil Rights Movement
1969Moon landing
1991Soviet Union falls; Internet goes public

Final Review Questions

  1. World War I was called the " War."
  2. The Depression began with the 1929 stock market crash.
  3. The Holocaust killed 6 million people.
  4. The Cold War was between the US and the Soviet .
  5. Dr. Martin Luther Jr. led the Civil Rights Movement.
  6. Daniel 12:4 prophesied that would increase in the last days.

Final Family Discussion

What was the most important thing you learned about the 20th century? How does understanding this history help us understand the times we're living in today?

Answer Key (For Parents/Teachers)

Lesson 1: The World in 1900

  1. Industrial
  2. empires
  3. True
  4. Reserve

Lesson 2: World War I

  1. Great
  2. 17
  3. trenches
  4. Versailles
  5. True

Lesson 3: The Great Depression

  1. 1929
  2. 25
  3. Dust
  4. Deal
  5. False (WWII really ended it)

Lesson 4: World War II

  1. 1945
  2. Jewish
  3. 70-85 (or 70 or 85)
  4. Pearl
  5. True

Lesson 5: The Cold War

  1. Union
  2. Berlin
  3. Moon
  4. True
  5. 1991

Lesson 6: Civil Rights Movement

  1. Jim
  2. Rosa
  3. King
  4. 1964
  5. False

Lesson 7: Technology & Change

  1. 1969
  2. knowledge
  3. Web
  4. True
  5. Test

Lesson 8: Review

  1. Great
  2. Great
  3. Jewish
  4. Union
  5. King
  6. knowledge