VOCABULARY BUILDER

Mastering Words Through Etymology & Scripture

YOUTH EDITION | Ages 10-16

TRUTH CARRIERS ACADEMY

Proverbs 2:6
"For Yahuah gives wisdom; from His mouth come knowledge and understanding."

Why Vocabulary Matters

Words are powerful. Yahuah spoke the universe into existence through words. Understanding vocabulary deeply - not just definitions, but origins, roots, and connections - gives you power to:

Each lesson teaches 5 words through etymology (word origins), Hebrew/Greek roots, and Scripture connections.

LESSON 1: Words of Faith

COVENANT
/ˈkəvənənt/
noun
Definition: A solemn, binding agreement between two parties, often sealed with blood or a sign.

Hebrew Root

בְּרִית (berith)

From a root meaning "to cut" - covenants were made by cutting animals in half and walking between the pieces (Genesis 15:17-18). This symbolized: "May I be cut in pieces if I break this covenant."

Etymology

From Latin convenire = "to come together, agree" (con- "together" + venire "to come")

Yahuah made a covenant with Abraham, promising to make his descendants as numerous as the stars.

Genesis 17:7 - "And I will establish my covenant between me and you and your offspring after you throughout their generations for an everlasting covenant."
SANCTIFY
/ˈsaNG(k)təˌfī/
verb
Definition: To set apart as holy; to make sacred or pure.

Hebrew Root

קָדַשׁ (qadash)

Means "to be set apart, consecrated." The Sabbath was the first thing Yahuah sanctified (Genesis 2:3).

Etymology

From Latin sanctus = "holy" + facere = "to make"

Related words: sanctuary, saint, sacred

Yahuah sanctified the seventh day, setting it apart from the other six days of the week.

REDEEM
/rəˈdēm/
verb
Definition: To buy back; to pay a price to free someone from bondage or debt.

Hebrew Root

גָּאַל (ga'al)

The "kinsman-redeemer" (go'el) was a family member who could buy back property or free a relative from slavery. Boaz was Ruth's kinsman-redeemer, foreshadowing Yahusha.

Etymology

From Latin redimere = "to buy back" (re- "back" + emere "to buy")

Related: redemption, redeemer

Galatians 3:13 - "Messiah has redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us."
ATONEMENT
/əˈtōnmənt/
noun
Definition: The act of making amends for wrongdoing; reconciliation between Elohim and humanity.

Hebrew Root

כָּפַר (kaphar)

Means "to cover" - sins are covered by the blood of sacrifice. Yom Kippur = "Day of Atonement/Covering."

Etymology

Middle English: at + one + ment = "at-one-ment" - being made "at one" with Elohim!

Memory Tip: AT-ONE-MENT = being made "at one" with Yahuah through sacrifice.
PROPITIATION
/prōˌpiSHēˈāSHən/
noun
Definition: An offering that turns away wrath and satisfies justice; a sacrifice that appeases.

Greek Root

ἱλαστήριον (hilasterion)

This is the same Greek word used for the "mercy seat" - the cover of the Ark of the Covenant where blood was sprinkled on Yom Kippur.

1 John 2:2 - "And He Himself is the propitiation for our sins, and not for ours only but also for the whole world."

Practice Exercises

A. Fill in the Blank

covenant sanctify redeem atonement propitiation

1. Yahusha's blood provides for our sins, satisfying Yahuah's justice.

2. The Sabbath was the first thing Yahuah chose to , setting it apart as holy.

3. Boaz served as a kinsman who could Ruth from her situation.

4. Abraham entered into a with Yahuah, sealed by walking between animal pieces.

5. Yom Kippur, the Day of , is when Israel's sins were covered.

B. Etymology Connection

The Latin root sanctus means "holy." List three English words that come from this root:

1.

2.

3.

C. Hebrew Understanding

The Hebrew word for covenant (berith) comes from a root meaning "to cut." Why is this significant?

Answer Key - Lesson 1

A: 1. propitiation, 2. sanctify, 3. redeem, 4. covenant, 5. atonement
B: sanctuary, saint, sacred, sanctification, sanction
C: Covenants were made by cutting animals and walking between the pieces, symbolizing "may I be cut like these animals if I break this covenant." Yahuah walked alone through the pieces with Abraham (Genesis 15), taking the curse upon Himself.

LESSON 2: Words of Character

RIGHTEOUS
/ˈrīCHəs/
adjective
Definition: Morally right; conforming to Yahuah's standard of justice and holiness.

Hebrew Root

צַדִּיק (tsaddiq)

From the root meaning "straight, just." A righteous person walks the straight path of Torah.

Genesis 15:6 - "And he believed in Yahuah, and He counted it to him for righteousness."
INTEGRITY
/inˈteɡrədē/
noun
Definition: The quality of being whole, undivided, honest; adherence to moral principles.

Etymology

From Latin integer = "whole, complete, untouched"

An integer in math is a "whole" number. Integrity means being "whole" - the same on the inside as outside.

Connection: In math, an INTEGER is a whole number (not a fraction). A person of INTEGRITY is "whole" - not divided between what they say and what they do.
HUMILITY
/h(y)o͞oˈmilədē/
noun
Definition: A modest view of one's own importance; freedom from pride and arrogance.

Etymology

From Latin humus = "earth, ground"

Related to "human" (made from the earth) and "humble" (low to the ground).

Hebrew Root

עָנָו (anav)

Moses was called the most humble (anav) man on earth (Numbers 12:3).

PRUDENT
/ˈpro͞odnt/
adjective
Definition: Acting with careful thought for the future; showing wisdom and good judgment.

Etymology

From Latin providens = "foreseeing" (pro- "before" + videre "to see")

Related to "provide" and "providence" - seeing ahead and preparing.

Proverbs 14:15 - "The simple believes everything, but the prudent gives thought to his steps."
DILIGENT
/ˈdiləjənt/
adjective
Definition: Showing persistent, careful effort; hardworking and conscientious.

Etymology

From Latin diligere = "to value highly, love" (dis- "apart" + legere "to choose")

A diligent person "chooses" their work carefully and values it highly.

Proverbs 10:4 - "Lazy hands make for poverty, but diligent hands bring wealth."

Practice Exercises

A. Match the Word to Its Root Meaning

WordRoot Meaning
Integrity
Humility
Prudent
Diligent

B. Use in Context

Write a sentence using each word correctly:

Righteous:

Integrity:

C. Critical Thinking

How does knowing that "humility" comes from "humus" (earth/ground) connect to Genesis 2:7, where Adam was formed from the dust of the ground?

Answer Key - Lesson 2

A: Integrity = whole/complete; Humility = earth/ground; Prudent = foreseeing; Diligent = to value highly

LESSON 3: Greek & Latin Roots

Unlocking Thousands of Words

Over 60% of English words come from Latin and Greek. Learning roots allows you to decode unfamiliar words!

Root: LOGOS (Greek λόγος)

LOGOS = word, study, reason
John 1:1 - "In the beginning was the Logos (Word), and the Logos was with Elohim, and the Logos was Elohim."

Words from LOGOS:

Root: GRAPHO (Greek γράφω)

GRAPHO = to write

Words from GRAPHO:

Root: THEOS (Greek θεός)

THEOS = God/deity

Words from THEOS:

Key Distinction: "Theism" refers to belief in deity. Scripture reveals that there is only ONE true Elohim - Yahuah (monotheism), though the nations worshipped many false gods (polytheism).

Root: CHRONOS (Greek χρόνος)

CHRONOS = time

Words from CHRONOS:

Root: KOSMOS (Greek κόσμος)

KOSMOS = order, world, adornment

Words from KOSMOS:

Note: In Scripture, "kosmos" often refers to the world system opposed to Yahuah (John 15:18-19). Understanding this Greek word clarifies many passages!

Practice Exercises

A. Build Words from Roots

Combine these roots to make words:

bio + logos = (meaning: )

geo + grapho = (meaning: )

mono + theos = (meaning: )

chronos + logos = (meaning: )

B. Decode Unfamiliar Words

Using your knowledge of roots, what might these words mean?

Graphology (grapho + logos):

Cosmography (kosmos + grapho):

Theography (theos + grapho):

C. Scripture Application

Why is it significant that Yahusha is called "the Logos" (Word) in John 1:1?

Answer Key - Lesson 3

A: biology (study of life), geography (writing about earth), monotheism (belief in one God), chronology (study of time)
B: graphology = study of handwriting; cosmography = description of the universe; theography = writing about deity

LESSON 4: Prefixes That Change Meaning

A prefix is added to the BEGINNING of a word to change its meaning. Master these, and you'll unlock thousands of words!

Negative Prefixes

UN- = not

righteous → unrighteous | holy → unholy | faithful → unfaithful

IN-/IM-/IL-/IR- = not

mortal → immortal | perfect → imperfect | legal → illegal | reverent → irreverent

DIS- = not, opposite of

obey → disobey | honest → dishonest | believe → disbelieve

A-/AN- = without

theist → atheist (without belief in God) | moral → amoral (without morals)

Direction/Position Prefixes

PRE- = before

predestined | prepare | predict | prefix

POST- = after

postpone | postscript | post-flood

TRANS- = across, beyond

transform | transgress (step across boundaries) | translate

SUB- = under, below

submit | subject | subordinate

Number Prefixes

MONO-/UNI- = one

monotheism | unity | universe | monologue

BI-/DI- = two

bilingual | divide | dilemma

TRI- = three

trinity | triangle | triple

POLY-/MULTI- = many

polytheism | multiply | multitude

Practice Exercises

A. Add Prefixes

Add the correct prefix to create the word with the given meaning:

___obedience (not obeying):

___mortal (not able to die):

___destined (decided before):

___gression (stepping across boundaries):

___theism (belief in many gods):

B. Define Using Prefix Knowledge

Irreverent (ir- + reverent):

Premonition (pre- + monition/warning):

Subordinate (sub- + ordinate/order):

C. Scripture Connection

Look up 1 John 3:4. The word "transgression" uses the prefix TRANS- (across). How does this prefix help explain what sin is?

Answer Key - Lesson 4

A: disobedience, immortal, predestined, transgression, polytheism
B: irreverent = not showing proper respect; premonition = a warning beforehand; subordinate = under someone's order/authority
C: Transgression literally means "stepping across" - crossing the boundary of Yahuah's law

LESSON 5: Words of Deception

Recognizing How Language Manipulates

Satan is the father of lies (John 8:44). Understanding words of deception helps you discern truth from falsehood.

PROPAGANDA
noun
Definition: Information, especially biased or misleading, used to promote a particular viewpoint.

Etymology

From Latin propagare = "to spread, propagate"

Originally referred to spreading the faith; now typically refers to spreading ideas through manipulation.

INDOCTRINATE
verb
Definition: To teach someone to accept a set of beliefs uncritically.

Etymology

From Latin doctrina = "teaching, instruction"

Originally neutral (to teach doctrine), now typically negative (to teach without questioning).

Contrast: Scripture says "prove all things" (1 Thess 5:21). Indoctrination discourages questioning; truth welcomes examination.
EUPHEMISM
/ˈyo͞ofəˌmizəm/
noun
Definition: A mild or indirect word used to replace one considered too harsh or blunt.

Etymology

Greek eu = "good" + pheme = "speaking"

"Good speaking" - making bad things sound better.

Calling abortion "reproductive healthcare" is a euphemism that hides the reality of ending a life.

Calling Sabbath-keeping "legalism" is a euphemism that makes obedience sound negative.

COGNITIVE DISSONANCE
noun phrase
Definition: Mental discomfort caused by holding two conflicting beliefs or by encountering information that conflicts with existing beliefs.

Etymology

Cognitive = relating to thinking (Latin cognoscere, "to know")

Dissonance = lack of harmony (Latin dissonare, "to disagree in sound")

Application: When people encounter truth that contradicts their worldview, they experience cognitive dissonance. Many reject truth rather than change their beliefs.
GASLIGHTING
noun/verb
Definition: Manipulating someone into questioning their own reality, memory, or perceptions.

Etymology

From the 1944 film "Gaslight," where a husband manipulates his wife into believing she's going insane.

When someone says "Christians have always worshipped on Sunday" despite historical evidence otherwise, that's a form of gaslighting.

Practice Exercises

A. Identify the Euphemism

What harsh reality is being softened?

"Collateral damage" (in war):

"Passed away":

"Alternative facts":

B. Apply the Terms

Match each scenario to the vocabulary word:

propaganda indoctrination cognitive dissonance gaslighting

1. A school teaches evolution as fact and discourages questioning:

2. Someone feels uncomfortable when shown Scripture that contradicts their church tradition:

3. News stations repeat the same narrative across all channels:

4. Someone tells you "That verse doesn't mean what you think it means" without explanation:

C. Scripture Defense

How does 1 Thessalonians 5:21 ("Prove all things; hold fast that which is good") protect against indoctrination?

Answer Key - Lesson 5

A: civilian deaths; death/died; lies
B: 1. indoctrination, 2. cognitive dissonance, 3. propaganda, 4. gaslighting

Vocabulary Mastery Review

Cumulative Assessment

Part A: Root Recognition

Identify the Greek or Latin root and its meaning:

WordRootRoot Meaning
Theology
Chronicle
Biography
Cosmos

Part B: Define in Your Own Words

1. Covenant:

2. Propitiation:

3. Integrity:

4. Euphemism:

Part C: Application

How does understanding word origins (etymology) help you understand Scripture more deeply?

TRUTH CARRIERS ACADEMY

Advanced Vocabulary Builder - Youth Edition

"The entrance of Your words gives light; it gives understanding to the simple."

- Psalm 119:130