The Rise of the Papacy

From Humble Bishops to World Power: A Biblical and Historical Examination

Youth Edition (Ages 12-17)

How to Use This Workbook

This workbook uses the 6 Rs Learning Method to help you really understand and remember what you learn:

  1. RECEIVE - Read the lesson carefully
  2. REFLECT - Answer the questions to think deeper
  3. RECALL - Close the book and write what you remember
  4. RECITE - Teach someone else what you learned
  5. REVIEW - Come back and review (Day 1, 3, 7, 21, 60)
  6. RESPOND - Put what you learned into action

"Come out of her, my people, that ye be not partakers of her sins..." — Revelation 18:4

Lesson 1: The Early Assembly - Simple Beginnings

To understand how the papacy rose to power, we first need to see what the original assembly (church) looked like. It was VERY different from what most people think!

"And they continued steadfastly in the apostles' doctrine and fellowship, and in breaking of bread, and in prayers."
— Acts 2:42

What the Early Assembly Looked Like

Key Term: "Ekklesia"
The Greek word translated "church" is "ekklesia" - it simply means "called out assembly." It was NOT an organization with headquarters, but a community of believers!

Leadership Structure in the New Testament

The early assembly had:

Notice: NO popes, cardinals, or church hierarchy!

"But you, do not be called 'Rabbi'; for One is your Teacher, the Messiah, and you are all brethren."
— Matthew 23:8

Check Your Understanding

Fill in the Blanks:

1. The Greek word for "church" is which means "called out assembly."

2. The early believers met in , not fancy buildings.

3. In the New Testament, "elder" and "bishop" were the role.

True or False:

Think About It: How does the early assembly compare to many churches today?

RECALL - Close Your Book!

Write from memory: What three leadership roles existed in the early assembly? What did "ekklesia" mean?

TEACH Someone

Explain to a family member what the original assembly looked like vs. the Catholic Church today.

Who did you teach? Date:

Memory Verse: Matthew 23:8

"But you, do not be called 'Rabbi'; for One is your Teacher, the Messiah, and you are all brethren."

Put It Into Practice

Lesson 2: Rome's Bishop Claims Supremacy

How did one bishop—the Bishop of Rome—end up claiming to be the head of ALL believers worldwide? It didn't happen overnight!

The Gradual Rise (100-600 AD)

100s AD - Bishops begin competing for influence among the major cities: Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem
300s AD - Constantine legalizes Christianity (313 AD) and calls church councils. Paganism begins mixing with faith.
380 AD - Emperor Theodosius makes Christianity the OFFICIAL Roman religion
440-461 AD - Pope Leo I claims universal authority over all bishops ("Petrine Supremacy")
538 AD - Emperor Justinian declares the Pope supreme head of all churches
Why Rome? Rome was the capital of the empire, so its bishop gained political influence. When the Western Roman Empire fell (476 AD), the Pope filled the power vacuum!

"Petrine Supremacy" - The Foundation

The Catholic Church claims Peter was the first pope based on Matthew 16:18:

"And I also say to you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build My assembly."
— Matthew 16:18

But look closer:

Evidence Against Peter as Pope:
• Peter was rebuked by Paul (Galatians 2:11)
• Peter called himself a "fellow elder," not supreme leader (1 Peter 5:1)
• Peter was married (Matthew 8:14) - popes aren't allowed to marry!
• Peter never went to Rome according to strong historical evidence

Check Your Understanding

Fill in the Blanks:

1. In AD, Emperor Justinian declared the Pope supreme head of all churches.

2. "Petros" means small stone, while "Petra" means .

3. Peter called himself a "fellow ," not supreme leader.

True or False:

RECALL - Close Your Book!

Explain "Petrine Supremacy" and why it's NOT supported by Scripture:

TEACH Someone

Explain the difference between "Petros" and "Petra" in Matthew 16:18.

Who did you teach? Date:

Memory Verse: 1 Peter 5:1

"The elders who are among you I exhort, I who am a fellow elder..."

Put It Into Practice

Lesson 3: Paganism Enters the Faith

When Constantine made Christianity the official religion, MILLIONS of pagans suddenly "converted"—but they brought their beliefs WITH them!

Pagan Elements That Entered Christianity

Pagan PracticeChristian VersionBible Teaching
Sun worship on Sun-day Sunday worship Sabbath is the 7th day (Saturday)
December 25 - birthday of Sol Invictus (sun god) "Christmas" Scripture gives no birth date for Yahusha
Easter - fertility goddess Ishtar "Easter" Passover is the biblical memorial
Mother goddess worship Mary veneration Worship Yahuah alone (Exodus 20:3-5)
Prayers to dead heroes Praying to saints One mediator - Yahusha (1 Tim 2:5)
Historical Quote - Council of Laodicea (364 AD):
"Christians shall not Judaize and be idle on Saturday, but shall work on that day... If found Judaizing, they shall be shut out from Christ."

Note: They had to make a LAW against Sabbath-keeping because so many believers were still keeping it!
The Great Compromise: Church leaders made it EASIER for pagans to "convert" by allowing them to keep their festivals and customs with Christian names. This was called "Christianizing" paganism!

Check Your Understanding

Match the pagan origin to its "Christian" version:

Sol Invictus (Dec 25)
Ishtar festival
Sun-day

True or False:

RECALL - Close Your Book!

List 3 pagan practices that entered Christianity and their biblical corrections:

TEACH Someone

Explain how paganism entered Christianity when Constantine made it the official religion.

Who did you teach? Date:

Memory Verse: Deuteronomy 12:30-31

"Take heed...that you do not inquire after their gods, saying, 'How did these nations serve their gods? I also will do likewise.'"

Put It Into Practice

Lesson 4: The Dark Ages - Papal Power at Its Peak

From about 538 AD to 1798 AD, the papacy wielded enormous political AND religious power. This era is called the "Dark Ages" because biblical truth was hidden from common people.

How the Papacy Controlled Everything

The Inquisition Death Toll:
Historians estimate 50-100 MILLION people were killed for "heresy" during the Dark Ages—including Sabbath-keepers, Bible translators, and anyone who challenged papal authority.

Notable Victims of Papal Power

Daniel's Prophecy:
"He shall speak pompous words against the Most High, shall persecute the saints of the Most High, and shall intend to change times and law. Then the saints shall be given into his hand for a time and times and half a time." — Daniel 7:25

"Time, times, half a time" = 3.5 years = 42 months = 1,260 days/years (538 AD + 1260 = 1798 AD!)

Check Your Understanding

Fill in the Blanks:

1. The Inquisition was used to punish .

2. The were Sabbath-keepers nearly wiped out by the papacy.

3. Daniel 7:25 says this power would "intend to change and law."

True or False:

RECALL - Close Your Book!

Name 4 ways the papacy controlled people during the Dark Ages:

TEACH Someone

Explain what the Inquisition was and why people were killed.

Who did you teach? Date:

Memory Verse: Daniel 7:25

"He shall...persecute the saints of the Most High, and shall intend to change times and law."

Put It Into Practice

Lesson 5: The Reformation - Light Breaks Through

Yahuah raised up brave men who challenged papal corruption and pointed people back to Scripture!

Key Reformers

Martin Luther (1483-1546)
German monk who nailed 95 Theses to the church door in 1517, challenging the sale of "indulgences" (paying money to forgive sins). His key insight: "The just shall live by FAITH" (Romans 1:17).
John Calvin (1509-1564)
French reformer who emphasized the sovereignty of Yahuah and Scripture as the only authority. Founded Geneva as a model Protestant city.
The Reformation Motto:
Sola Scriptura - Scripture alone (not tradition)
Sola Fide - Faith alone (not works)
Sola Gratia - Grace alone (not merit)
Solus Christus - Messiah alone (not saints/Mary)
Soli Deo Gloria - To Yahuah alone be glory

What the Reformers Taught About the Papacy

Nearly ALL Protestant Reformers identified the papacy as the "Antichrist" or "Man of Sin" from Scripture:

Note: The Reformers didn't fully return to Scripture—they kept Sunday worship, Christmas, Easter, and other traditions. But they opened the door for others to continue restoring truth!

Check Your Understanding

Fill in the Blanks:

1. Martin Luther nailed Theses to the church door in 1517.

2. "Sola Scriptura" means alone.

3. The Reformers identified the papacy as the .

True or False:

RECALL - Close Your Book!

Write the 5 "Solas" of the Reformation and what each means:

TEACH Someone

Explain what Martin Luther did in 1517 and why it mattered.

Who did you teach? Date:

Memory Verse: Romans 1:17

"The just shall live by faith."

Put It Into Practice

Lesson 6: Prophecy Fulfilled - The Wound and Healing

Bible prophecy predicted EXACTLY when papal power would fall—and when it would rise again!

The 1,260 Year Prophecy:
Daniel 7:25 and Revelation 13:5 describe a power ruling for "42 months" or "time, times, and half a time" (1,260 days).

Using the day-year principle (Numbers 14:34, Ezekiel 4:6):
538 AD + 1,260 years = 1798 AD

What Happened in 1798?

Napoleon's General Berthier marched into Rome and took Pope Pius VI prisoner. The Pope died in exile in 1799. The papacy received a "deadly wound" (Revelation 13:3).

"And I saw one of his heads as if it had been mortally wounded, and his deadly wound was healed. And all the world marveled and followed the beast."
— Revelation 13:3

The Wound Being Healed

1929 - Mussolini signs the Lateran Treaty, restoring Vatican sovereignty
1984 - US establishes full diplomatic relations with the Vatican
Today - Pope Francis speaks at the UN, Congress, meets world leaders
The Wound is Healing! The papacy today wields more influence than ever—not through armies, but through diplomacy, media, and ecumenism (bringing all religions together).

Check Your Understanding

Fill in the Blanks:

1. Papal supremacy began in AD and received a wound in AD.

2. General took the Pope prisoner in 1798.

3. The Treaty in 1929 restored Vatican sovereignty.

True or False:

RECALL - Close Your Book!

Calculate: 538 + 1260 = ? What happened that year? What does "the wound being healed" mean?

TEACH Someone

Explain the 1,260 year prophecy and how it was fulfilled.

Who did you teach? Date:

Memory Verse: Revelation 13:3

"And I saw one of his heads as if it had been mortally wounded, and his deadly wound was healed."

Put It Into Practice

Lesson 7: Identifying Marks of This System

How can we identify the power Daniel and Revelation describe? Scripture gives us specific markers!

Identifying Marks from Daniel 7 & Revelation 13

Prophetic DescriptionFulfillment
Rises from "the sea" (peoples/nations - Rev 17:15) Rose from populated Europe
Comes from the 4th beast (Rome) Grew out of Roman Empire
"Different" from other kingdoms (Dan 7:24) Religious AND political power
Speaks "great words against the Most High" Claims to forgive sins, be "God on earth"
Persecutes the saints Inquisition, martyrdom of millions
"Think to change times and laws" Changed Sabbath to Sunday, removed 2nd commandment
Rules for 1,260 years 538 AD - 1798 AD exactly!
"Thinks to Change Times and Laws":
The papacy claims to have changed:
• The Sabbath from Saturday to Sunday
• The calendar (Gregorian calendar)
• The Ten Commandments (removed the 2nd, split the 10th)
Catholic Admission:
"Sunday is our MARK of authority... The church is ABOVE the Bible, and this transference of Sabbath observance is proof of that fact."
— The Catholic Record, September 1, 1923

Check Your Understanding

Fill in the Blanks:

1. This power "thinks to change and laws."

2. The papacy claims to have changed the to Sunday.

3. "The sea" in prophecy represents and nations.

How many marks does the papacy fulfill?

RECALL - Close Your Book!

List at least 5 identifying marks from Daniel 7 and how they fit the papacy:

TEACH Someone

Explain how the papacy "thought to change times and laws."

Who did you teach? Date:

Memory Verse: Daniel 7:25

"He shall speak pompous words against the Most High, shall persecute the saints of the Most High, and shall intend to change times and law."

Put It Into Practice

Lesson 8: Come Out of Her, My People

Yahuah doesn't just reveal this system—He calls His people OUT of it!

"And I heard another voice from heaven saying, 'Come out of her, my people, lest you share in her sins, and lest you receive of her plagues.'"
— Revelation 18:4

What Does "Coming Out" Mean?

This Call Is for LOVE:
Yahuah's call to "come out" is not about hating Catholics or any people. Many sincere believers are IN this system not knowing the truth. The call is about returning to TRUTH so we can be free (John 8:32)!

Practical Steps to "Come Out"

  1. Study Scripture for yourself - Don't just trust tradition
  2. Test everything against the Bible (Acts 17:11)
  3. Return to the Sabbath - Yahuah's sign between Him and His people
  4. Reject pagan holidays - Embrace biblical feasts
  5. Share truth lovingly with those still in Babylon
"Sanctify them by Your truth. Your word is truth."
— John 17:17

Check Your Understanding

Fill in the Blanks:

1. Revelation 18:4 says "Come of her, my people."

2. We should test everything against .

3. The Sabbath is Yahuah's between Him and His people.

Personal Commitment: What changes do YOU need to make to "come out"?

RECALL - Close Your Book!

List 5 practical ways to "come out of Babylon":

TEACH Someone

Share with someone what "Come out of her, my people" means and why it matters.

Who did you teach? Date:

Memory Verse: Revelation 18:4

"Come out of her, my people, lest you share in her sins, and lest you receive of her plagues."

Final Application - COMMIT!

Spaced Review Tracker

Review each lesson at these intervals for long-term memory:

LessonFinishedDay 1Day 3Day 7Day 21Day 60
1. Early Assembly
2. Rome's Bishop
3. Paganism Enters
4. Dark Ages
5. Reformation
6. Wound & Healing
7. Identifying Marks
8. Come Out

Answer Key

Lesson 1

1. ekklesia 2. homes 3. same

T/F: False, True, True

Lesson 2

1. 538 2. massive boulder/bedrock 3. elder

T/F: False, True, True

Lesson 3

Sol Invictus → Christmas, Ishtar → Easter, Sun-day → Sunday worship

T/F: True, True, False

Lesson 4

1. heretics 2. Waldensians 3. times

T/F: True, False, True

Lesson 5

1. 95 2. Scripture 3. Antichrist

T/F: True, False, True

Lesson 6

1. 538, 1798 2. Berthier 3. Lateran

T/F: False, True, True

Lesson 7

1. times 2. Sabbath 3. peoples

All checkboxes should be checked

Lesson 8

1. out 2. Scripture 3. sign